Mostrando 151 palabras para el campo semantico: space
I.
V
1. dory put up sail ,
[ESP] hizar velas
2. dory sail , [ESP] navegar velero
3. space spread , [ESP] untar, esparcir
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
-
Naas kiiba ngaang su aakringi.
I am spreading the sheet on the bed.
Estiro la sabana sobre la cama
4. mov open , [ESP] abrir
5. body yawn , [ESP] bostezar
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Either one of the two last vowels can be elided so we get the variants 'aakarng' and 'aakring'. Another variant is 'aakiring'. See also 'kakaa aakaring' (yawn).
1. stative ,
[ESP] estático
II.
V
1. space stay ,
[ESP] quedarse
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Can be used as an independant verb and suffixed to another verb with stative meaning.
I.
V
1. mov,space send ,
[ESP] enviar
2. make drift
3. shoot , [ESP] tirar, disparar
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alaalu' (to drift). Can be pronounced 'aalw' when suffixed with tense.
I.
V
2. mov pick ,
[ESP] escoger, recoger
3. mov,space pull down
4. space pull off
Notas:
- Etnográfica:
Means 'to pick' for things that have to be pulled with some strength, like certain fruits, whits... - Gramatical:
Transitive. Has a variant 'aamalk' that does not seem to be related to the type of suffixation the verb takes (whether tense marker or subordinator). Each one of these variants 'aamlak' and 'aamalk' can have their initial long vowel reduced.
I.
V
1. mov,space put in
Notas:
- Gramatical:
See other transitive 'pauk' with same meaning.
I.
V
1. mov,space take out
2. sharpen
3. find , [ESP] encontrar
4. deal out
Notas:
- Gramatical:
There is a corresponding 'alpi' verb only found in ba-alpi (look for).
1. space far
Composicion:
derivation
Morfemas |
aa |
pintak |
not |
close |
1. space down from the body of
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
aap |
skwa |
|
down from |
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex postposition with relational noun 'aap' plus complex postposition 'su+ka=skwa'.
I.
V
1. mov,space carry up ,
[ESP] llevar
2. body,health vomit , [ESP] vomitar
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Variant used in the imperative or when suffixed with subordinator. When suffixed with tense, the form used is 'aapungul'.
I.
V
1. mov,space pass
2. mov swing , [ESP] Mecer
3. measuring exceed
Notas:
- Gramatical:
See also the compound verb 'su-aataik' and the derived adverb 'suaataiki'.
I.
V
1. mov descend
2. mov,space get in
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Full form of the verb. The variant 'aats' is used when suffixed with tense such as in 'sii aats-i' (it's raining - literally 'water descends').
1. space one side ,
[ESP] un lado
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Sometimes used with '-ki' or '-ka'. Generally used with 'aik'.
1. space one side ,
[ESP] un lado
Composicion:
expression
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Can be pronounced 'abing kaik'.
1. space side
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Derived from noun 'aik' (side).
I.
V
1. space hang down
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'angkiing' (hang). The final vowel 'ii' can be shortened.
I.
V
1. mov,space throw ,
[ESP] Tirar, lanzar
Notas:
- Etnográfica:
Enters in the expression 'almuk yuwa yaa yalkangi' (literally 'God is throwing it') which means 'it thunders'. - Gramatical:
In relation with the verbs 'kang' (to strike, to shoot) and 'aakang' (to stuff, to shut) although there is no relation transitivity/intransitivity between them.
I.
V
2. mov,space go Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
-
Ya aapaaya alkung pinkam.
Go ask him how much.
-
Sii paik alkung.
Go and full water.
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Verb of movement postposed to another verb to mean 'go do something'. The first verb takes the person marker while 'alkung' takes the tense marker.
I.
V
1. mov,space fall down
2. mov,space descend , [ESP] Descender
3. mov,space drop , [ESP] botar
4. dory,mov sink , [ESP] Hundir
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Has a variant 'alptung-' with the past tense '-u' as in : 'alptung-u' and another variant 'alpting-' with the past participle ''-ima' as in 'alptingima' (dropped, fallen down). Has a transitive counterpart 'aaptang' (to drop, to launch).
I.
V
1. space steal ,
[ESP] Robar
I.
V
1. space hang
2. mov carry on back
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alangkiing' (hang down). The final vowel 'ii' can be shortened.
I.
N
1. space side
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Only used in the expression 'astar su' (on the other side) and 'astar astar su' (on both sides).
1. space on both sides
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Reduplication for plural meaning. Complex spatial expression with noun and postposition.
1. space on the other side
1. space around
Notas:
- Gramatical:
See also 'aungaik' (around).
1. space around
Composicion:
Compounds
Morfemas |
aunga |
aik |
around |
side |
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex postposition, see also 'aunga' (around).
2. space right ,
[ESP] Correcto, derecha
1. very
2. too , [ESP] Demasiado, tambien
Notas:
- Gramatical:
When suffixed to a verb it means that the subject like to do it : 'naas aakis-baing-i' (I like to sing).
2. space right in
Composicion:
Compounds
Morfemas |
baing |
i |
right |
in |
Correcto, derecha |
|
I.
V
1. mov,space going to V
Composicion:
Compounds
Morfemas |
ba |
taak |
for |
go |
para, por |
|
Notas:
- Gramatical:
From the verb 'taak' (to go) with the relational preverb 'ba-' that encodes a purpose.
I.
V
1. mov,space walk looking for
Composicion:
Compounds
Morfemas |
ba- |
traal- |
for |
walk |
para, por |
|
Notas:
- Gramatical:
In this case the relational preverb 'ba-' is not entirely lexicalized (obligatory), so it gives a definite additional sense (to walk (looking) for). This form is used at the imperative or when suffixed with tense. 'ba-traal' is the form used when suffixed with tense.
I.
V
1. mov,space climb up for
Composicion:
Compounds
Morfemas |
ba |
tungul |
for |
ascend |
para, por |
|
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Form with a relational preverb commonly used in the sense of climbing to get something or someone. Not really lexicalized.
1. space behind
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
i |
tangaa |
su |
|
back |
on |
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex postposition with relational noun 'tangaa' (back) and postposition 'su' (on).
1. space from
1. space at
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Has a long independent form '-kang' used when in final position
1. space from
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Relational preverb : used as a prefix with verbs, such as 'ka-apaik' wich means 'paddle away from'.
I.
N
1. space bottom side
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Literally 'feet side'. Used with clothes ; see compounds with 'praak' (dress).
I.
V
1. emot,space be afraid of
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Very common combination of relational preverb and verb.
I.
N
1. house,space home
Composicion:
Compounds
Morfemas |
kaanu |
aik |
place |
side |
I.
N
1. space washing place
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
kaanu |
alsuk |
kama |
place |
wash |
for |
1. space everywhere
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
kaanu |
taaki |
place |
everything |
I.
V
1. mov,sea,space paddle away from
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
ka |
aapaik |
from |
paddle |
I.
V
1. body,space stand
2. body,mov stand up
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
-
Nsut kuyaanik taakka uut ki, nsut kalniksu, uut ngulaik karka ulup u nsut kauki.
When we go up river in the dory, we stand up and we pole in from the bow.
-
Aisting kalnik.
get up and stand up
Notas:
- Gramatical:
In variation with 'kalng' used with present and past tense, while the 'kalnik' form is used in the imperative and with subordinators '-su' (upon) and '-ka' (when).
1. space from
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Long independent form of '-ka' when in final position.
1. space in
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Gets reduced to '-i' as postposition of velar final words, as in 'uung+ki' giving 'uung-i' (in the pot).
I.
N
1. geo,space east side
Composicion:
Compounds
Morfemas |
kiinga |
aik |
ba |
east |
side |
ADJ |
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Homonym with 'kiingaikba' (top, literally 'from head side') that is compound on 'kiing' (head).
I.
N
1. space top side
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Literally 'from head side'. Used with clothes ; see compounds on 'praak' (dress). Homonym with 'kiingaikba' (east side) that is compound on 'kiinga' (day, east).
1. space from inside
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex postposition.
I.
N
1. space middle
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Reduplication.
I.
V
1. mov,space take
2. catch
3. get
4. scoop
5. bear
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Very frequent word wich has many variants, depending on the tense used and the rapidity of speech : 'ku' with past tense ; 'kui', 'kw', 'kwi' with present tense. In rapid speech, the vowel 'u' reduces to the approximant 'w'. 'kuu' is the main form, used in isolation, in the imperative, or with other suffixes such as subordinator '-ka' (when).
2. space far up
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Used for river context : 'far up in the river'.
1. space upper
Composicion:
derivation
Morfemas |
kuyak |
ba |
high up |
|
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Enters into numerous compositions for naming object parts with the meaning upper.
I.
N
1. house,space pig pen
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
kwerku |
kaanu |
pig/hog |
place |
1. geo,space in the lagoon
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
lakuun |
aik |
lagoon |
side |
I.
N
1. space market
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Loanword from English (market).
1. space far
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Contains 'aik' (side).
1. space there
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Likely to be from 'naing+ki' (dem+postposition). See also 'ningi' (here).
1. mov,space away
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Could come from 'nganaak' (fly away). One of two directional verbal suffixes, see -nanaik (towards).
1. space between Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
-
Nguu nangka su ngungkiing aakari.
The road is between the two houses.
Notas:
- Gramatical:
'nangka' is not really used alone. it is always followed by either 'ki' (in) or 'su' (on).
3. space between
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex spatial postposition.Nangka is not found alone.
1. space between Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
-
Nguu nangka su ngungkiing aakari.
The road is between the two houses.
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex spatial postposition. Nangka is not found alone.
I.
V
1. mov,space run
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Very often used with relational preverb 'ka-' (from).
1. space where
2. space somewhere
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Mostly used with pospositions 'ki' (in) and 'su' (on). Can be reduced to 'ngar'.
2. space where
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Mostly used in interrogative sentences, but also in locative subordinated clauses. It encodes the locative and the ablative, rarely the allative. See also 'ngarang su'.
1. space where
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
ngarang |
su |
where |
on |
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Mostly used in interrogative sentences, but also in locative subordinated clauses. It encodes the allative. See also 'ngarang ki'.
I.
N
1. dory,space bow
2. space ahead
3. before
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Used in the expression 'ngulaik aating' (to feel sorry for someone).
I.
N
1. geo,space road
2. path
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Has many variant pronounciations : each nasal can be either velar or dental and the long vowel 'ii' can be shortened.
I.
N
1. house,space roof of the house ,
[ESP] techo de palma
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
nguu |
kuyakba |
house |
high up |
I.
N
1. body,house,space house eaves
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
nguu |
tuk |
house |
tail |
1. space here
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Likely to be from 'ning+ki' (dem+postposition). See also 'naingi' (there).
I.
V
1. space buy
3. space sell
Notas:
- Gramatical:
The derived verb 'alpaaya' also means buy/sell.
I.
V
1. mov fell
2. mov,space put in
Notas:
- Gramatical:
See also other transitive 'aapauk'.
I.
N
1. clothes,space skirt
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Literally 'dress from the feet side' used to refer to bottom (clothes) in opposition to 'praak ikiingaikba', literally 'dress from the head side', used to refer to top (clothes). It is a neologism, a mix of borrowing from English (frock) and relational noun for lower part 'ikaalaikba'.
I.
N
1. clothes,space dress
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
praak |
i- |
kiing |
-aik |
-ba |
dress |
|
head |
side |
ADJ |
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Literally 'dress from the head side' used to refer to top (clothes) in opposition to 'praak ikaalaikba', literally 'dress from the feet side', used to refer to bottom (clothes). It is a neologism, a mixt of borrowing from English (frock) and relational noun for upper part 'ikiingaikba'. This relational noun must not be confused with the other one 'kiingaikba' meaning 'from the east' and with 'kiinga' (day, east) as the head.
I.
N
1. clothes,space slip
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
praak |
tupki |
ka |
dress |
under |
at |
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Part borrowing from English (frock) with Rama complex postposition 'tupki ka' (from under).
I.
N
2. space inside
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Rarely used as a lone noun. See also 'psutki', where 'psut' is a relational noun.
1. space inside
Composicion:
Compounds
Morfemas |
psut |
ki |
inside |
in |
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex postposition from a locative noun 'psut' (inside) and general locative postposition 'ki' (in/on).
1. space from inside
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
psutki |
ka |
inside |
from |
Notas:
- Gramatical:
The word 'psutki' is itself a compound of 'psut+ki' (inside+in).
1. measuring,space deep inside
Composicion:
Compounds
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Reduplication to note emphasis. See 'psutki'
I.
N
1. nat.,wind out breeze
2. space,wind northeast wind
Notas:
- Gramatical:
See also 'yaabra kiingaikba'.
I.
V
1. mov,space put up
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Variant used when suffixed with subordinator or in the imperative. When suffixed with tense marker, the form used is 'pungul'.
1. space from down
Composicion:
derivation
Morfemas |
sabaak |
ba |
low |
ADJ |
I.
N
1. plant,space old banana plantation
Notas:
- Etnográfica:
Place where old Ramas planted bananas and where you can still find bananas to cut.
I.
N
1. space upper part
1. upper
2. body gum
3. body,plant foot of tree
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Unknown concept in English of something attached to a body. 'sarak' cannot be used alone : it enters in the expressions 'kwiik sarak' (upper arm), 'tkua sarak' (upper leg), 'siik sarak' (gum), 'kat sarak' (foot of tree).
I.
N
1. geo,space,water landing
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
sii |
ngiit |
water |
way |
1. space on the edge
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex posposition with relational noun 'skaa' (edge).
1. space around
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex postposition based on a relator noun 'skaik' (side).
1. space down from
2. space from
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex postposition compound with 'su+ka' => 'skwa'.
1. space out from inside
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex postposition compound of 'su+karka' => 'skwarka'.
1. space on Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
-
Salpka an saliuk itangkit su kurang ikuaakar.
The fish and the iguana have a back bone on their back.
El pez y la iguana tienen un hueso en su espalda.
-
Psuk tkii su traali, ikaat aa susungi.
The worm walks on the ground, but we no see no foot.
El gusano camina en la tierra, pero no le vemos las patas.
2. space in
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
-
Buulam tauli taara su bii aakar.
The big porpoise live only in the ocean.
el gran marsopa solo vive en el oceano
-
Bilam sii su bii aakar. sut kuu, sauk yusukiingakama.
The sardine lives in the river. We catch it to fish with.
La sardina vive en los ríos. Las agarramos para pescar con ellas.
Notas:
- Gramatical:
See the complex postposition 'uruk su' (on top of) and the adverb 'yuruksu'(further, anymore). See also the fused complex adposition 'skwa' from 'su+ka'. Related to the relational preverb 'su-'.
I.
V
1. mov,space pass over
Composicion:
derivation
Morfemas |
su |
aataik |
on |
exceed |
Notas:
- Gramatical:
With the relational preverb 'su-', this verb can still have a literal spatial meaning 'to pass over' but this is rather rare. Its use is mainly adverbial and lexicalized in the present tense, with and without third person marker: see 'suaataiki' and 'suyaataiki' (too much).
1. space from
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complexed postposition usually reduced to 'skwa'.
1. geo,space in the bush
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Derivation with 'aik' (side).
I.
V
1. mov,space come out
2. mov,space move out
Notas:
- Gramatical:
The final vowel 'ii' can be reduced.
I.
N
1. body back
1. space back
4. artef. keel
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Spatial meaning with 'i-tangaa su' (behind).
I.
N
2. artef.,house bedspread Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
-
Tangaangu aakwaala ikwaakar yaing ngaang su.
She has a pretty bedspread on her bed.
3. geo,space plantation
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
-
Sii su naing praanti tangaangu nikuaakari.
I have my plantain plantation in the river.
I.
N
1. body,space backside
2. space behind
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Derived from relational noun 'tanga' (back). See also 'itangaa su' (behind).
I.
N
1. geo,space coast
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
tauli |
skaa |
sea |
edge |
I.
N
1. geo land
2. dirt
3. space ground
4. earth
Notas:
- Gramatical:
The long vowel 'ii' can be shortened.
I.
N
1. geo,space highland
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
tkii |
kuyakba |
ground |
high up |
I.
N
1. geo,space grave, cemetery
Notas:
- Etnográfica:
Formerly a person's possessions were left on the grave, e.g., plate, bow and arrow, etc. (even into the 70s in southern communities), but this custom has been abandoned largely because people were stealing these items, and people decided it was more practical to keep them to use. Some old people also used to keep lumber for their coffin and a pair of pants and a shirt (men) put up in the house for years. But, these items increasingly came to be used as needed, or taken by other family members to use, especially lumber. The old-times Rama also used to put food on the grave in the morning and at noon (not always at night if they didn't feel like it) for one year. (Supposedly some of the Miskitu still do (2009). They also used to keep nine-night, a "set-up" for nine nights after a death, but they just sat up all night; they didn't sing as the Creoles do. - Gramatical:
Possible derivation from 'tkii-uruk' (under ground). - Léxica:
Also tkeeruk
2. space back
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex postposition with relational noun 'tuk' (tail).
I.
V
1. mov,space arrive
2. mov,space ascend
3. mov,space come up
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Used at the imperative or with subordinator. The form 'tungul' is used with tense.
1. space under
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex postposition. Used to make the comparative of minority.
1. space from under
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
tupki |
ka |
under |
from |
I.
N
1. space top
2. body,plant flower
Notas:
- Etnográfica:
'uruk' means flower in compounded words such as 'puulik uruk' (cotton). 'A flower' is 'katuruk'.
1. space from above
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex spatial postposition, with relational noun 'uruk' plus two postpositions 'su-ka'.
1. space on top of
Notas:
- Gramatical:
Complex postposition with relational noun 'uruk'. Used also to form the comparative of superiority, 'uruk su' is used in front of the adjective and the noun being compared to takes the postposition 'u'. See also 'uruk skwa' and 'yuruksu'.
I.
N
1. body,space eyelid ,
[ESP] párpado
Composicion:
expression
I.
N
1. body,space upper eyelid
Composicion:
expression
Morfemas |
uup |
skaa |
kuyakba |
eye |
edge |
high up |
ojo |
|
|
1. space further ,
[ESP] lejos
Notas:
- Gramatical:
See spatial 'uruk'.
I.
V
1. mov,space bring ,
[ESP] traer
Composicion:
Compounds
Morfemas |
yu- |
siik |
with |
come |
Notas:
- Gramatical:
The relation preverb 'yu-' (with) is lexicalized: it is obligatory in the sense of caused motion of to bring/carry, and can be used with full lexical patient/object.
I.
V
1. mov,space go up with ,
[ESP] subir con