Diccionario


Mostrando 339 palabras para el campo semantico: plant

aalbut aing kat pronunciación

I. N

1. plant snake tree

aaluk pronunciación

I. N

1. body bone , [ESP] hueso
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kuyak karka yualptangsu, itkua aaluk yaarku.
    He dropped down from high and he broke his leg bone.
    El se cayó desde arriba y se quebró el hueso de la pierna.

2. animal,body,plant prickle , [ESP] espina

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ulungulung aalukwa.
    The pricklepine has sprickles
    El puercoespin tiene espinas.

aalukwa pronunciación

I. ADJ

1. animal,body with bones , [ESP] con huesos
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Siirik salpka aalukwa.
    The macharca is a bony fish.
    La macharca es un pez espinudo.

Composicion:

derivation
Morfemas
aaluk wa
bone with
hueso

aap pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,body,human body , [ESP] cuerpo
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Naap alkiini aingu, naapalngaakari.
    My body itches that's why I am brushing/sweep it.
  • Naap siika u naasarki.
    I rub my body with medicine.

2. body,plant trunk , [ESP] tronco

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Airitrak kat aap pluuma. Yuup parparnga.
    The tree trunk of the olive is white. Its seeds are black.

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Source of very productive relational noun in 'aap su', 'aap ki' (on (the body of)--)

aapu pronunciación

I. N

1. plant john fish tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Aapu a very strong wood; stronger than suupa, but you can't always get it. Highly desired for peg staffs, bows, etc.

    Una madera muy fuerte; más fuerte que suupa, pero siempre la podés conseguir. Muy deseada para elaborar el tipo de lanza que utilizan, arcos, etc.

aapun pronunciación

I. V

1. body,plant grow , [ESP] crecer

aaras aing kalka

I. N

1. health,plant unidentified medicinal plant
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A straight, tallish bush plant with largish jaggedy leaves. The leaf is boiled and drunk "for your blood." It is bitter-tasting.

    arbusto recto, alto, con hojas largas e irregulares. La hoja se hierve y se bebe "para la sangre". tiene un sabor amargo. (Cola de Caballo?)

abiis pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant squash, calabaza, ayote
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Abiis kutkubisba. Ikaas nuknuknga. Yuup psutki kat pluuma. Abiis pwatpa u naasiiki.
    The pumpkin is round. Its flesh is yellow. The inside seed white. I boil it with sugar.
  • Abiis seerini.
    Pumpkin getting full/big.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Not a common food for the Ramas.


    No es una comida común para los Rama.

abiis tataara pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant watermelon , [ESP] sandía
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Abiis tataara tuktiinka, nsuut sabaa kwsi. pwatpa kwiskama.
    When the watermelon is ripe, we eat it raw. It is sweet to eat.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
abiis tataara
squash, calabaza, ayote very big

abungkat pronunciación

I. N

1. cooking,dom.,plant firewood
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ikuubli kat ngaraak suulaik aakari. Yaalistingka, abungkat mliima.
    There is plenty of milky tree in the bush. When it is dry, it is good firewood.

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With the class marker 'kat' for longish shapes.

abung krus

I. N

1. dom.,plant,tree charcoal
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Abung krus kunkuni.
    The coal is blazing.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A non-traditional money-generating item, and Ramas themselves cook with wood. They make their charcoal from the ibu tree which is a hardwood and therefore better quality than what the Spaniards make and use. As of 2008, though, Spaniards were also burning iibu trees to make coal. The result is too many iibu trees being felled, to the detriment of the environment, to the animals that depend on the seed for food (e.g., macaws, givenots), and to people who harvest the seed to eat to make other food products.

    Un producto no tradicional para obtener ingresos, los Ramas cocinan con leña. Ellos hacen el carbón del iibu, un árbol de madera dura y por tanto de mejor calidad que el carbón que hacen y usan los españoles. Pero, para el 2008, los españoles también estaban quemando iibu para hacer carbón. El resultado es muchos árboles de iibu cortados, para el detrimento del medio ambiente, de los animales que dependen de sus semillas como alimento (e.g. papagayo, givenot) y para las personas que cosechan la semilla para comer o para hacer otros productos alimenticios.

abung sabaa pronunciación

I. N

1. plant green wood

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
abung sabaa
firewood raw
leña

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This refers to firewood that has recently been cut and is not dry enough to start fire with. Some trees, such as "paullood," and red mangrove can burn when "green" if you mix them with other kinds of wood which "burn hot" such as iibu, swampwood, sleeping, kraabu or jug. White mangrove can burn by itself even when green.


    Se refiere a la leña que ha sido recientemente cortada y no está suficientemente seca como para encender el fuego. Algunos árboles, como el “paullood” y el manglar rojo pueden encenderse cuando están “verde” si los mezclas con otros tipos de madera que “queman caliente”como el iibu, swampwood, sleeping, kraabu o jug. El manglar balnco puede quemar por sí solo aun cuando está verde.

adam aing ngaang pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,palm,plant

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a palm in the bush whose leaves are said to have been used by Adam as a bed.

    Esta es una palma en los arbustos, de la cual se dice sus hojas fueron usadas como cama por Adam.

ai pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant corn , [ESP] maíz
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ai tarkitka, nipiai.
    When the corn sprout, I plant it.
  • Ai ngaling su naamaiki, ingulung nuungkama.
    I rub the corn on the rock to make flour.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They feed it to the chickens and hogs, make tamales ( usually only young corn tamales with coconut milk), porridge (corn pop in Kriol) and posol with it. Not a dietary staple, and not usually eaten roasted, or ground as hard corn for Spanish-style tortillas. Sold in Bluefields.
    Noted in 2009 that the few spider monkeys left upriver in Cane Creek were eating corn due to habitat destruction, something unheard of previously.

ai kaat

I. N

1. body,plant corn cob , [ESP] Mazorca

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ai kaat
corn stick
maíz

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It is believed that burning the corn cobs and husks after you have shelled the corn is bad luck for the following harvest. However, some will burn them when they are out of firewood. They are supposed to be thrown away in the bush, but such disposal is getting harder since they are planting so much more corn (2009).
  • Gramatical:
    Not to be confused with 'aikat' (cane).

aikat pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant sugar cane , [ESP] Cana de azucar
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngarang ki maakuru? Aikat taalingi naakru.
    Where were you? I was in between the cane.

2. plant cane

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Any kind of edible cane but there are a number of different kinds. Usually mashed by hand in a homemade wooden press and strained through a skomfra cap (part of the skomfra palm that resembles a brown strainer) to extract the juice. Makes a very refreshing drink, especially when lime juice is squeezed into it. Used also to make alcoholic drinks. Also chewed on to suck the sweet juice, especially if you can't, or don't want to press it.
  • Léxica:
    Not to be confounded with 'ai kaat' (corn cob). 'aikat' is also used as generic name for canes.

aikat arii pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant cane juice , [ESP] Jugo de cana

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Extracted with manual cane press. Drunk with lime juice. Very refreshing, like coconut water.

aikat supkaaba

I. N

1. plant unidentified riverside bush
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a pretty bushy river waterside vine (i.e., not a kind of cane) which is common in Wiring Cay. It has dark green leaves, and bright red, waxy cone-shaped flowers. They drink the juice for medicine.

ai uuk pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant corn husk

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ai uuk
corn shell
maíz concha, cáscara

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    If they have corn husk they might wrap their eggs for sell in them; usually two to a husk. Itis considered bad luck to burn the corn cobs and husks after shelling he corn as that will bring a bad harvest the following year. However, many burn them now for fuel when there is no firewood, and since they are planting a lot more corn these days, it is harder to just throw all of the cobs and husks in the bush to rot.

aliup pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant naata seed
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Aliup namlaaki ikat skwa. Alkaa ki nsualiskiingi, urnga saala yuuungkama.
    I pick the naata from its tree. In the sun we dry it to make the food red with it.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used ground in some coconut stews. Sold in Bluefields. Three classes: "tame" red, "wild" red, and green. Same leaves and same red seed inside for all.
  • Gramatical:
    With class marker '-up' for roundish objects.

alkiini pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant gourd pepper , [ESP] Pimienta gorda

2. body,health itch

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    People grow a number of cooking or medicinal shrubs near their house, especially on Rama Cay. Gourd pepper is used both when still green (slightly less hot) or when yellow and ripe (very hot). You prick one with a fork and set it in the pot; you don't bust it up because that would make the food too hot. You might put it in rice and beans or in a pot of rondon (fish or meat stewed in coconut milk). Gourd pepper has a distinctive scent and flavor. Not eaten raw. Women sometimes sell them in Bluefields.
    You very occasionally come across the red variety (and more likely from Creoles in places such Corn Island), which has a slightly different taste.
  • Léxica:
    Generic for peppers, of which there are many varieties. Could by itself be the gourd pepper.

alkiini arii pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant pepper sauce , [ESP] salsa picante, chilero
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Alkiini arii niuungi, yunaltungwakama. Nurnga alkiini niuungatkuli.
    I make pepper sauce, to eat with. I make my food all peppery.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
alkiini arii
gourd pepper juice
Pimienta gorda Jugo

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Cut up gourd pepper and onions and put them in a bottle with vinegar or lime juice and let it sit in the sun. Add to your plate of food as desired; most people use just some of the seasoned liquid, but others also eat pieces of the peppers and/or onions.

alkiini pargna pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant black pepper , [ESP] Pimienta negra
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Alkiini parnga ingiskiingi.
    She sprinkles black pepper.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
alkiini parnga
gourd pepper black
Pimienta gorda

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Traditionally Ramas used several different varieties of small yellow or red (when ripe) peppers to flavor food. In more recent times, ground black pepper, which mus be bought in town, has become a popular special condiment for rondon, rice and beans, and various coconut-based soups.
  • Léxica:
    Alkiini as a generic now.

alkiini saala pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant red pepper , [ESP] Pimienta roja
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Alkiini saala aa astaiki.
    The red pepper is not hot.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
alkiini saala
gourd pepper red
Pimienta gorda

alpia pronunciación

I. V

1. food,plant plant

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The final 'a' can be lenghten : 'alpiaa'. This is the derived intransitive form of the transitive verb 'pia' (to plant, to bury). Used in middle or antipassive like voice.

alpungut pronunciación

I. V

1. plant bear fruit

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Variant used when suffixed with subordinator. When suffixed with tense, the form used is 'alpungul'.

amkas pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant tree fork

2. artef. blade

3. artef.,food fork

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The meaning of eating fork is probably new. They usually eat with a spoon.
  • Gramatical:
    For the meaning 'fork', see 'kat amkas' (fork in a tree).

aumaup pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant wild chocolate , [ESP] cacao silvestre

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a kind of chocolate. It is the 'tiger chocolate' that Miss Nora's father, a seer, used to drink to go talk to the tigers. Prepared with bird pepper (NR).
  • Gramatical:
    Compound on 'auma' (tiger) and suffix '-up' class marker for roundish shape for the chocolate seed.
  • Léxica:
    One of four kinds of chocolate (see also kuuk, ngerba, ngunisup)

awas pronunciación

I. N

2. nat. light , [ESP] Luz

3. plant rubber , [ESP] Caucho, latex

Pictures/Imagenes:

3. artef.,hunting,plant slingshot

4. plant,tree pine tree , [ESP] Pino

5. health rubber sap

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Generally used to mean "light" from any source. Rubber tree sap also called "awas" because you can use it to "catch fire" when you don't have diesel or kerosene, or to burn for light. This is done by cutting the rubber tree and letting the sap harden into solid rubber, which then immediately catches fire from a lit match. There are also a number of other uses. For example, you can "haul" a piece of hardened rubber into a string to wind around the part of your handline above the hook as you would a wire leader in order to make it harder for a fish to cut the line. Can also be used for the light to torch in the night in the bush, though as of 2008, more people were acquiring headlamps for this purpose. Also used to make the rubber part of a slingshot. To do this you carve a mold into the dirt, pour in the sap, and let it harden. Slingshots are made and used principally by young boys for shooting down small birds and lizards. (The small birds are usually not used for anything, though occasionally boys will roast them and eat them, but more just for something to do. Shooting birds is a common activity for young boys among all ethnic groups, especially during the months when songbirds are migrating heavily, such as September.)
    The rubber sap can also be used to make a waterproof rubber sack that floats: For a good-sized sack, secure about 2 1/2 yds of thin cotton cloth horizontally on sticks, mix the rubber sap with some sulfur. Paint it over the cloth with a feather and allow to dry. Fold the edges and seal with more rubber sap. If you tie the sack securely, your pots, pans, clothes, etc. will be safe if your dory turns over. You can also use it as a life preserver. One medicinal use is to paint the "blowhole" of a beefworm with the sap. when the worm tries to come out for air, it will get stuck, and won't be able to breathe. (However, either way, someone will still have to dig the worm out.)
    Some old Ramas still have tools left which they use that were left from the days of the rubber company. There are a few pine trees in Bluefields, but they are not seen in the bush in the Rama territory.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Mikito "auas." Probably because pine also can be used to make torches (Take a piece of pine about three feet long, split it very fine, and light it.....the sap causes it to burn.)

awas arii

I. N

1. plant rubber tree milk

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
awas arii
juice

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Thick white sap of the rubber tree collected in buckets.
    Some still tap trees to get the rubber and coat burlap sacks cut into flat cloth or buy manta (cotton cloth), then sew them to make waterproof sacks to carry their goods.

baanu pronunciación

I. ADJ

1. virgin , [ESP] Virgen

2. health sterile , [ESP] Esteril

3. plant fruitless

baazil pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant basil , [ESP] Albahaca
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Commonly planted around a house and used both in cooking, for example in different seafood soups (e.g., and ahi), and to make tea, either just to drink or for medicinal purposes (e.g., back pain). This basil has a spicy cinnamon-like taste.

barwain pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant barwine tea

belplan pronunciación

I. N

1. bread,food,plant 100 finger banana

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    You eat this one ripe, not cooked. Also called manzana banana and 100 finger banana.

    Lo comés crudo, no cocinado. También se le llama banano manzano o banano 100 dedos
  • Léxica:
    No idea of the origin of the word. Belplan is considered both Kriol and Rama word.

    Se desconoce el origen de la palabra. Belplan es considerada una palabra tanto Kriol como Rama

biinz pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant bean , [ESP] Frijol

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Small red beans, a lot of which they grow themselves, and from which they save some to plant again the next time. Like other crops, a lot of work to keep animals away from, to weed, to harvest, to shell and to dry. Used to keep them in a gourd to keep them dry and to help keep out mice, weevils, etc. Eaten boiled, stewed with coconut milk, stewed in coconut milk with rice (and salt plus onion, black pepper, gourd pepper, if you have it), boiled, sometimes fried. (coconut oil if they have enough coconuts to make it). Newly-harvested red beans accompanied by boiled or stewed breadkind are very tasty.
  • Gramatical:
    Loanword from English 'bean'. The Rama name is 'ungskup' or 'nguskup'.

biup pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant,tree pigeon plum
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A very small black "plum" which grows on a tree by the beach. Eaten by people and animals around May.
  • Gramatical:
    With class marker '-up' for roundish object.
  • Léxica:
    Also biiup

bleera aing lada pronunciación

I. N

1. plant monkey's ladder , [ESP] Escalera de Mico
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Bleera aing lada kat aap su yaapuni. Nsut angtki siika kama.
    The monkey's ladder whit grows on trees. We cut it for medicine.

bleera aing urnga

I. N

1. food,plant,whit unidentified whit

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a whit that grows high up. The seed is yellow outside. People eat it, too because it has syrup inside.

briaut pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant coffee
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Briaut nsut tawan ki karka paayai, nsut kuaakit tahma.
    We buy coffee from town, we don't have it.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A term used in Cane Creek. When real coffee is not available, people sometimes make burned corn, rice, or sometimes even burned flour coffee. You put it in an iron pot and cook it until it is dark brown and sticks to the pot, then add water, heat it, and drink it like coffee. The other option is to make bush tea from any of a number of different leaves such as lime, orange, or cowfoot.
  • Léxica:
    Relatively new term in the seventies (NR).The new generation says 'kaapi', borrowed from English (coffee).

bulbul pronunciación

I. N

1. plant,tree brown leaf trumpet tree

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication.

butku aing paasungup pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant salt water plum

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are black ones and red ones.

chinaroot pronunciación

I. N

1. health,plant chiniroot

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A medicinal plant, the root of a whit, that is boiled and drunk to strengthen the blood. Sometimes boiled along with other medicinal ingredients. Milk and sugar often added.

duudup pronunciación

I. N

1. food,fruit,plant,tree unidentified
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A yellow plum on a tree that grows on or near the beach. Ripe in May, June. Sweet, but slightly acidic. People eat them.

dzasimi pronunciación

I. N

1. plant jasmine

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (jasmine).

iibu pronunciación

I. N

1. food,health,plant iibu tree
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Iibu aapintak suulaik aapuni. Kumaadut iibu up kuula ki baantaaksu, anaapulki. Iibu ari anuungi. Kiiknadut iibu krus auki, anpaayakama.
    The ibu tree grows far in the bush. The women go in the bush to look for ibu seeds to pick. Ibu posol they make. The men burn iibu for carbon (coal) to sell.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It is the preferred wood for charcoal. They eat the bunya drink out of the seeds, which is a lot of work. People also eat the plain boiled iibu as a snack. The seeds are also parched and eaten with the skin (not the shell) like roasted nuts, or parched and then ground to make "coffee." Ibu oil is both medicinal (for asthma and to anoint sore joints) and used by some in the bush for frying food. To make the oil you boil down the "maia" from the boiled iibu. (The maia is the iibu "trash" that sticks to the pot side. When you cook in coconut milk, there is also maia that collects around the pot side, thicker than, but similar to, the foamy residue that collects around the edge of a pot when rice starts to boil.) Iibu is harvested in dry weather Feb.- March.The seeds will last a couple of months after dropping, so they do not have to be processed immediately. Iibu is a major food source for macaw parrots, and the increasing disappearance of the tree has contributed to a great decline in their numbers (2008--and they were not that common even around Monkey Point/Cane Creek in the 1970s.) The increasing human population has lead to more burning of iibu trees for coal, and a lot of the Mestizos also simply cut them down when clearing the forest land to plant or for cows and don't use the trees for anything. As of 2009, the Mestizos have not yet started exploiting the seed. The shells are sometimes burned instead of firewood as they catch up quickly and burn very hot. Some people do not like to cook with iibu, though, because it "blacks up the pots" too much. The shells are also burned at night, sometimes with wood, or if available, with termite nests, as a deterrent to mosquitos and sandflies. The tree has pretty purple flowers that float down the creek when they drop. There are also many beliefs regarding the tree and its "owner."

iik pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant cassava , [ESP] yuca
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Iik iraa. Iik aasikima nsukwsi.
    The cassava is breadkind. We eat it boiled.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It is a breadkind. The kind they plant is not the poisonous cassava that needs to be processed. They boil it and fry it or stew it. They sell it in Bluefields. There are always worried about hogs and peccaries digging it up and eating it; they worry about people digging it up to steal it.

ikuubli pronunciación

I. N

1. plant,tree fig tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Iguanas love to eat figs, people don't eat figs.

ikuubli parnga pronunciación

I. N

1. plant black ojoche

ikuubli pluuma pronunciación

I. N

1. plant white ojoche

ikuubli saala pronunciación

I. N

1. plant red ojoche

Composicion:

expression

iraa pronunciación

I. N

1. bread,food,plant breadkind
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Yiraa pranti iraa bredfruut yiraa samuu iraa iik iraa kangkaraup iraa isup iraa bantingi.
    I want cooked breadkind: plantain, breadfruit, banana, cassava, costo, coco.
  • Nsut iraa u alaungi nuunik ui nsut iraa baalpi traali alaungkama salpka u.
    We cook with breadkind. Every day we look for breadkind to cook with fish.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The original food of the Ramas. Old time people ate mostly breadkind, and Cane Creek people did not eat as much fish and meat as Rama Cay people. Ruben Wilson ate only roasted kosto bananas.
    Breadkind is a starchy vegetable as main dish or to accompany main dish, includes cassava, green banana, plantain, dasheen, coco, breadfruit, yams, sweet potato.
  • Léxica:
    Generic for breadkind, an essential food of the Ramas. See also urnga.

is pronunciación

I. N

1. wax

2. food,plant peelings , [ESP] cascaras

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Peelings and trash of different plants are used in cooking and preparing drinks: pinapple peelings with cane juice set out in glass jar in the sun to make liquor. Coconut trash can be added to bake goods like buns or leavened flour tortillas.

isiup pronunciación

I. N

2. food,plant coco

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Edible tuber like yucca. There is a red-fleshed variety and a white-fleshed variety, which taste different. Usually eaten boiled or stewed in coconut milk as other breadkind,and/or in coconut-milk stew ( rondon/rundown) with meat or fish. Occasionally made into coco "cake," (from Kriols), with grated raw coco, coconut milk, sugar, ginger, cinnamon, and baked. Is a Kriol word; there is no common word in standard English. One of a number of different plants loosely called "elephant ear" in gardening as they are planted ornamentally in many countries with an appropriate climate.
  • Gramatical:
    Has the '-up' class marker for roundish shape.

isiup kiing pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant cocohead

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
isiup kiing
head

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are different kinds of dasheen, the bigger, whiter one with purple flecks which is harder when cooked, and the smaller one which has more reddish-purple specks and cooks up softer, and is preferred. As with other breadkind, usually eated boiled or stewed in coconut milk, or in coconut milk rondon (rundown) with meat or fish. Occasionally also made into a porridge (pap, in Kr.).
  • Gramatical:
    As 'isiup' (coco), 'isiup kiing' as a variant 'isup kiing'.

kaa pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant leaf

kaalkit pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant root

3. body shin

4. body leg

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    These are the big thick 'roots' above the ground above which you build the 'tapesco' or platform to enable you to fell a tree for the piece of trunk that you want, for example, to make a dory.

kaat pronunciación

I. N

1. body leg

2. body foot

3. body penis

4. artef.,body handle

5. plant stick

6. artef.,house post

7. plant log

8. plant tree

Pictures/Imagenes:

9. artef. staff

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Originally word for tree and leg, and parts of object 'long and rigid'. Boards are valuable. They are sometimes scavenged from the beach, occasionally hand-sawed, but more often bought. Some of the old people, especially down in the bush, like to put up lumber, nails, a sheet, a good shirt and pants or dress, for when they die. These will usually be up in the house rafters, or perhaps in another smaller house in the bush. It's a problem to keep other people from taking them, though, especially the boards and nails.
  • Gramatical:
    Often pronounced with short vowel. See short form 'kat' as class marker for long and rigid objects.

kabunaup pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant granadilla

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The fruit is the size of an egg and is extremely sweet. You eat the seeds and the jelly-like substance that are inside. There is a season for it during which people from Cane Creek used to go with the family to go to Snook Creek to find it and eat it. It is hard to carry back because it is soft.
  • Gramatical:
    The final suffix '-up', class marker for roundish shape, is not obligatory : 'kabuna' is also possible.

kahka pronunciación

I. N

1. plant palm tree

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu

kaira pronunciación

I. N

1. health,plant,tree christmas blossom

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A bush medicine used to cure a skin condition of rough patches of skin, also known as 'kaira' (ringworms).

kakat pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant branch

2. body,plant limb

kaliiba pronunciación

I. N

1. plant,tree fig tree?

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Good for fire wood. Like swampwood, if used to make a cooking fire on the ground the traditional way of shoving the ends of three logs close ad putting kindling and small firewood in the middle, will burn hot and will not go out when you pull the logs apart. You can then put smaller pieces back in the middle the next day to cook again, and the fire will catch.

kalka pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant limb

1. house thatch

kalkaup pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant leaf

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With class marker '-up' for roundish shapes.

kaltkisuruk pronunciación

I. N

1. plant july flower

kamikamii kaa pronunciación

I. N

1. plant sleep bush

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Not medicinal. It is a little plant; if you touch the leaves, they close up.

kamuus pronunciación

I. N

1. plant,tree monkey comb

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This vine has big round seeds with prickles (stickers) which monkeys supposedly use to comb their hair.

kangkaraup pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant kind of banana

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A kind of banana, of kind of squarish shape. Should be cooked to be eaten.
  • Gramatical:
    With class marker '-up' for roundish shapes.
    Also called cosco.
  • Léxica:
    in Rama Cay Creole, called kosko on Rama Cay and kosto further south. In Bluefields you hear both.

kariiri pronunciación

I. N

1. plant wild cane
Pictures/Imagenes:

2. artef. large arrow shaft

3. artef.,hunting arrow

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The cane and the arrow have the same name. The arrow is made of cane, this one used to kill large animals generally.
  • Gramatical:
    Used as the generic name for arrows. Has a variant form 'kriiri'.

kartuk pronunciación

I. N

1. plant wild cane

2. artef.,hunting cane arrow

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The arrow before it is done (with no end point), the finished arrow is 'kriiri'.

kasu pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant cashew
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They plant trees around their houses. They eat the fruits and some roast the seeds and eat them; not plentiful and not a money-making endeavor as on the Pacific side of the country.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (cashew).
  • Léxica:
    Also kaashu

kat pronunciación

I. N

1. body leg

2. body foot

3. body penis

4. handle

5. stick

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nah kat alkangu tausung su.
    I throw a stick at the dog.
    Le lance un palo al perro

6. post

7. log

8. plant tree

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kuula baingbi yaakuru. Kuula nsuaaplangatkulu. Kat nsupaukatkulu, mutmutba taara aingu. Namangku, alpiaakama, mliima.
    We cleaned the bush. We fell the trees, that's why it's a big open place. Now it's good for plant.

Pictures/Imagenes:

9. staff

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The general meaning is 'long and rigid', so it can be used for a lot of different objects.
  • Gramatical:
    From 'kaat'. Often pronounced with short vowel. Also used as a class marker in compound nouns : see '-kat'.

kat aap pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant trunk
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Bleera ituk kat aap ki imalki yalkungi.
    The monkey wraps his tail on the tree trunk and hangs down.
    El mono enrolla su cola en el tronco del árbol y se cuelga hacia abajo.

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
kat aap
tree body

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Literally 'tree's body'.

kat aap skwa kuula pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant tree canopy

kat amkas pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant fork in a tree

katkaringka

I. N

1. plant unidentified plant

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A "sprickle" vine, i.e., a thorny vine. Chachalacas, deer, land crabs, some lizards, eat the young leaves.
  • Léxica:
    "slips" refers to any of a number of different vines in Creole, differentiated from "whits," which have stouter stems.

kat pang pang pronunciación

I. N

1. house,plant kindling

kat saalukwa pronunciación

I. N

1. plant prickle tree

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kat saalukwa
tree with prickles

kat tris tris pronunciación

I. N

1. plant kindling

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Can also be said 'kat pang pang'.

katuruk pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant flower
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Katuruk sasaisba naing nguu tuk su nikuaakari.
    I have pink flowers in my yard.
  • Kutkulu katruk nuknuknga. Yaap pluuma.
    The flower of the yamary tree are yellow. Its trunk is white.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
kat uruk
tree flower

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Generic for flowers.

katuruk arii pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant nectar
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Titinma katuruk arii ingwii.
    The hummingbird drinks the juice from the flowers.
    El colibrí bebe chupa el néctar de las flores

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
katuruk arii
flower creek

kat uruk skwa pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,house,plant main beam

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kat urukskwa
stick from above

kat uuk pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant bark

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Many different tree barks are used for medicinal purposes.

katuukup pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,house,plant log

2. hollowed log

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With class mark '-up' for roundish object

katuup pronunciación

I. N

2. body,plant fruit

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
kat uup
tree fruit

katuup parnga pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant star apple

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
katuup pargna
fruit black

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Pronounced "strapple" in Kriol.

katuup saala pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant tomato

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
katuup saala
fruit red

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Ramas do not eat tomatoes. Probably a neologism.

kaung pronunciación

I. N

1. house,plant congkiva

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    In Spanish, bejuco de hombre. Whit stronger than 'wari whit' (bejuco de mujer). Good to tie things like stick wall.

kauru pronunciación

I. N

1. house,plant bamboo

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Some people use it to make house walls.

kawas pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant guava
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kawas pwatpa u plungkiingima, swiin u nikwsi.
    The guava cooked with sugar, we eat it with bread.
  • Kawas nuknuknga tuktinka yalptangka nsut aapluki kuskama. Kawas saala saala yiruk su pwatpa.
    When the guava is ripe, when it drops, we pick it up to eat it. The red guava is sweeter.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They usually eat them when they are green because if they wait for them to be ripe they won't be there!
    The leaves can be used medicinally.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (guava).

kawi pronunciación

I. N

1. plant,tree kowi

kerosin pronunciación

I. N

1. plant,tree kerosin

kiangkiangka pronunciación

I. N

1. plant type of flower

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It is a tall lilly-like fresh waterside flower, with single white petal and a rod like stamen.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication, but can also be 'kiangka'.

kiibing pronunciación

I. ADV

1. measuring,mov straight

1. body not curly

2. plant not curved

5. measuring well done

6. frank

7. fair play

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Has more or less the same polysemy as English 'straight'.
    In the concrete sphere it can qualify objects that are not curved, not bent, not crooked, not curly. It can also qualify a movement.
    In the abstract sphere it can qualify an activity as being well done or a state of mind such as 'fair-play' or 'frank talking'.
  • Gramatical:
    Has a reduced variant 'kiibi' that exists also for all the compounds of 'kiibing'. See 'kitkiibing' (middle), 'kiibingma' (straight), 'aakiibingma' (crooked) and reduplication 'kiibing kiibing' (very straight).

kiina pronunciación

I. N

1. health,plant whit species

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It is boiled to drink to strengthen your blood.
  • Léxica:
    "Whit" is Kriol; refers to woody climbing vines.

kiing pronunciación

I. N

1. body head
Pictures/Imagenes:

2. body,plant bunch

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The vowel can be shorten, mostly for some compound words. The sense 'bunch' is only used for bananas.

kiingkabut pronunciación

I. N

1. plant sawgrass

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    On high ground, such as going up to the graveyard in cane creek, there is a lot of cuttin' grass. It is about waist high, does cut your skin, but also makes it almost impossible to see what's on the ground in the grass, which doesn't feel good.

kiing sabang pronunciación

I. N

1. human,plant calabash head

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Insult between kids.

kiit pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant buttress

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    These are the large outcroppings of a tree trunk above ground on large trees such as the "puulik," or "iibo," in order to anchor them in the soil. If a tree is going to be cut, traditionally the logger has to build a platform above the buttresses in order to cut the trunk from where it starts to go straight up.
  • Léxica:
    Always heard as "ikiit," Lit. "its kiit"

kiit tupkika pronunciación

I. N

1. plant root

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is the root of a plant or tree under the ground, to be differentiated from just "kiit," or "ikiit," which are root-like structures above the ground, as for example, the buttresses on big trees.
  • Léxica:
    Always heard as "ikiit," Lit. "its root."

kingkabut

I. N

1. plant cutting grass

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a sharp-edged grass near creek and riversides which looks innocent, but which can cut your skin. Not tall.

kiskis pronunciación

I. N

1. dom.,palm,plant,tree kiskis tree
Pictures/Imagenes:

2. artef.,cooking tongs

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Krais sulkup kiskis kuaakar.
    The crab has pinchers.
    El cangrejo tiene tenazas.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    We use the kiskis tree to make tongs. This is a necessity for cooking, used for stirring the pot, lifting up pieces of food, e.g., bananas, cassava, fish, meat, while cooking or serving. You will burn your hand if you don't have a a kiskis to to pick up and turn your banana or fish while roasting it, for example. If you don't have one, you will have to go cut one before you can cook. (For people who live in the bush, there is probably no one convenient to borrow one from.) Most people have several, different lengths and widths for different uses. Said to be two varieties, the "real" one, i.e., the thin one, and the mountain cow one, ngarbing aing kiskis.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication.

kliis pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant fig

kliisang pronunciación

I. N

1. plant little wild cane

kongkiiva pronunciación

I. N

1. dom.,plant tough grass

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A kind of tough grass, stronger than 'piungkit' (wari whit), and used to tie things like stick walls of the house. Also used to tie the ends of a bowl made out of tuula palm leaf to use for carrying iibo, water
  • Gramatical:
    Also called 'kaung'.

kraabu pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant,tree kraabu

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Little round small rape-sized yellow fruit with a seed inside that grows on a tree. Very sweet. Found all over Nicaragua, but the fruits on the Pacific are larger. Ramas eat it as is, make fresco, with it, and make wabul with it. Ripens around August.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from either Miskitu or Kriol.
  • Léxica:
    Nancite in Sp.

krais uuk kat pronunciación

I. N

1. plant crab shell tree
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Krais uuk kat yuup krais isii yaltangi. Nsut aar angtki siirka baing.
    the seeds of the crab shell tree look like crabs. We no cut it because it is too soft.

krus pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,plant coal

kruubu aing suulup

I. N

1. plant prickly vine, unidentified
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a prickly, bushy swamp vine especially prevalent around Wiring Cay lagoon and river. The stem is lined with sharp curved thorns that look like cat nails, and whether green and leafy or dead and leafless, they are dangerously sharp, and people in dories, and even moreso in motorboats, must be vigilant as they will not only grab onto you and tangle you up, but they will also leave nasty lacerations. Especially bad during flood times.
  • Léxica:
    Sp. "rang gallo."

kukunup pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant coconut
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kukunup alptangi.
    Coconut drop down

2. plant coconut tree

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kukunup panik yaapuni.
    The coconut grow sideways.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Coconuts are a central part of Atlantic Coast cooking, and are a valuable cash crop which is hard to protect from thieves. Young green coconuts are great thirst quenchers. Mature coconuts are used to produce milk for cooking by pouring water on grated coconut and squeezing out the milk. The "trash" is then sometimes used to add texture and taste to fried baking soda-raised flour "tortillas," and to feed to chickens and pigs. Coconut oil is made to use to fry foods. Coconuts (and some oil) are sold in Bluefields or traded /sold to shrimp boats in Monkey Point. The husks and shells are not really used for anything. The Rama do not make copra to sell, but some have worked for other people who have copra businesses on Corn Island.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication. Class marker '-up' for roundish objects.

kukunup upsi pronunciación

I. N

1. food,health,plant coconut oil
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Naas aapsing kuaakitka, nunguuk ngulsniuungi kukunup upsi u.
    when I am with fever, I purge my belly with coconut oil

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
kukunup upsi
coconut oil

kukunup uuk pronunciación

I. N

1. body,plant coconut skin
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Uungi kukunup uk u yaapalngi.
    She scrub the pot with the coconut skin.

kulaantro

I. N

1. food,health,plant coriander
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Grows wild and also commonly planted around houses. Used in flavoring various foods, such as macharca soup. Also has a number of medicinal uses. It is drunk as a medicinal tea. Another use is as a worm purge when three culantro roots are boiled with seven soursop leaves. The plant, with spiky tough leaves, looks very different from the domesticated variety seen in the U.S., but the scent and taste are similar.

kulmaup pronunciación

I. N

1. plant mamey

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Delicious fruit. Brown skin, sweet orange flesh inside with big brown seed. They eat it fresh.

kulmaup kuula ki ka pronunciación

I. N

1. plant wild mamey

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Literally 'mamey from the bush'.

kulmaup mamaama pronunciación

I. N

1. plant tame mamee

kumaa pronunciación

I. ADJ

1. animal,plant female
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngaukngauk parnga ikaat ngaarak ikuaakar. Ikaat aabak kuaakar. Ngaukngauk nuknuknga kumaa.
    The black spider has many feet. He has hairy feet. The yellow one is a she - spider.
    La araña negra tiene muchas patas. Tiene patas peludas. Las amarillas son arañas hembras.

Pictures/Imagenes:

II. N

2. human woman
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kumaa kalma sukuinglut.
    women wash clothes

Pictures/Imagenes:

2. family,human wife

kungkat pronunciación

I. N

1. plant,tree potwood
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A very tough hardwood that is sold for lumber for houses.

kungkung kaalkit pronunciación

I. N

1. plant kwam foot tree

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kungkung kaalkit
crested guan root

kung uup

I. N

1. artef.,dom.,plant,tree potwood seed
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The seed of the kungkat (tree). It resembles the iron bouys previously found on the beaches or in the sea in size and shape. People cut off the top of the buoys to make cooking pots which are still in use and highly valued because they are very sturdy. People similarly cut off the tops of the seed, but use the "pot" only to store salt, as you cannot use it to cook.
  • Léxica:
    Also kungkat uup.

kunkun kat pronunciación

I. N

1. plant (bobwood tree)

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The root of it is used for fishing bob and spool of harpoon.
  • Léxica:
    Kunkun borrowed from Miskitu.

kurakiing pronunciación

I. N

1. plant pineapple

kutkulu pronunciación

I. N

1. dory,plant yamari tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Sometimes used to make dory but it is not a choice tree for it because it does not last more than a couple of years.

kuuk pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant chocolate

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is the planted cacao. You can eat the jelly around the seeds. You cannot roast it and just eat it because it is too bitter. You have to bust the pod, dry the seeds, parch the seeds, peel them, grind them, and roll that paste into a ball. When it's hard you chip some off into a pot of boiling water or cane juice to make chocolate to drink. Add sugar if you didn't use cane juice.
  • Léxica:
    See 'kuuk arii', and other kinds of cacao : 'ngerba', 'aumaup','ngungisup'

kuuk aing alkiini pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant bird pepper

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Kind of pepper used traditionally to make pepper chocolate. Now used for all kinds of food. Very small sweet red pepper.
  • Gramatical:
    Genitive construction referring to the plant. Different from 'kuuk alkiini' which is supposed to be the pepper chocolate drink.

kuuk aing sabang pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,food,plant calabash for chocolate

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Might have been an important item of the turmala (seer) that drank special peppered chocolate.

kuuk arii pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant chocolate drink

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This used to be the main drink of the Ramas. The preparation of the drink is a lot of work. You must open the pod, take out the seeds, dry them, parch them, peel off the skin, and grind the seeds into a paste. You handroll the paste into bars which harden. when you want to drink some chocolate you boil water or cane juice and chip some of the chocolate into it. If it is just with water you have to add sugar. It is a very rich drink since it has all the cocoa oil in it and gives some people headaches.
  • Gramatical:
    Because of the compounding, the long vowel of 'kuuk' can be reduced (kuk arii).

kuuk kat pronunciación

I. N

1. plant cacao tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is the planted kind of cacao tree, the 'tamed' cacao as opposed to 'wild' cacao. A belief is that if you hang a hawksbill skull in this tree it will bear more cacao pods. This is a hawksbill that you have hunted, and then roasted its head until the meat fell off.
  • Léxica:
    See also 'ngerba', 'aumaup', 'ngunis?'.

kuula pronunciación

I. N

1. geo,plant bush

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used to refer to both brush in general as found, for example, surrounding a house, or in a location such as Rama Cay, and plants smaller than trees, including small medicinal plants.

kuulup pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant avocado

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They grow them to sell and sometimes eat them. They have problems keeping them until they are ripe to pick. Not a common plant for them to have.

kwaaka uup pronunciación

I. N

1. health,plant,whit unidentified

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A large brown seed used as a purge and as one ingredient of bush medicine for a snake that lives high up. For a purge, you peel off the skin, scrape the meat into little pieces, roll them up and swallow them like pills.

kwiisa pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,body,plant needle

kyabij

I. N

1. food,plant cabbage

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The most common vegetable bought in Bluefields. Not often eaten and some don't eat it at all.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (cabbage).

kyangkyangka pronunciación

I. N

1. plant unidentified riverside plant
Pictures/Imagenes:

laasup pronunciación

I. N

1. food,fruit,plant,tree xxx

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    See pkuup, tkuup. Given as Rama in Wiring Cay, but others say this is Rama Cay Kriol.

laulau pronunciación

I. N

1. plant mangrove
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Laulau lakuun skleera su yaapuni. Laulau kiit kaalba.
    The red mangrove grows on the lagoon edge. The mangrove has plenty root.
  • Wairu laulau tupki inguri yuungi.
    The wairu crab puts its hole under the mangrove root.

Pictures/Imagenes:

2. plant red mangrove

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Laulau lakuun skleera su yaapuni. Laulau kiit kaalba.
    The red mangrove grows on the lagoon edge. The mangrove has plenty root.

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication. By default, it refers to the red mangrove.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu laulu.

laulau parnga

I. N

1. plant black mangrove

Composicion:

expression

laulau pluuma

I. N

1. plant white mangrove

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu laulu.

laulau saala

I. N

1. plant red mangrove
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Laulau kat saala su yuknaatingsu, kalma yimpau. sasaisba tingatkulu.
    I sat down on a red mangrove and it dyed my clothes. It turned it all pink.

Composicion:

expression

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu laulu.

laulung pluuma ngalma

I. N

1. plant button mangrove

maina

I. N

1. plant banak

manud

I. N

1. plant,tree manud

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This tree is good to make house posts.

maraas

I. N

1. plant unidentified swamp plant
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A common rather tall long-leaved bush-sized plant that grows around the lagoon edges and mangrove swamps. Does not resemble a grass. So-named because it is said that tigers used to hide in it. Some say that this is not the real tiger bush......that that is a prettier bush with light green, "finer" leaves that can be found upriver in Wiring Cay.

misla

I. N

1. bread,food,plant plantain wabul
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Praanti misla yiriima uung.
    Make the plantain wabul thin!

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    You boil the plantain, pour off the water, mash it with the wabul stick and pour in coconut milk. You can make it with green plantains or ripe plantains. If it is green plantain wabul you might throw in oysters, cockles, or ahi. Ripe plantain is sweet.
    Se hirve el plátano, se escurre el agua, se machaca con el palo para hacer wabul y se le agrega leche de coco. Se puede hacer con plátanos verdes o maduros. Si es con verdes se le puede agregar ostras o almejas. El plátano maduro es dulce.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu.

muksa urmut

I. N

1. plant peccary gut
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Muksa urmut kat aap su yaapuni. Taimka nsuaamlaki kat yunsuangaisi.
    the peccary gut whit grows on a tree. Sometimes we pull it down and we tie sticks with it.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Type of whit.

mulka

I. N

1. plant samwood

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Hardwood tree. Samwood dories last up to ten years with proper care. (Mahogony the preferred wood) Smaller pieces shaped to make paddles and other useful objects. All good hardwood trees large enough and straight enough to consider for making a dory very hard to find, not even going several days into the bush now.

nakak

I. N

1. plant peccary bush

ngaabang

I. N

1. artef.,food,plant Unidentified tall aloe-looking plant
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Formerly used to make a strong thread for sewing, weaving hammocks, nets,, rope. A few still know how to make it. The individual long stems are braced against a tree, and the the long meaty "leaves" are scraped with a kiskis to peel out the "thread." Can be eaten, but it is sour.
  • Léxica:
    Also ngabang

ngaan

I. N

1. plant sawdust

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Minimal pair with 'ngaang' (bed).

ngaang uruk

I. N

1. artef.,house,plant tapesco

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaang uruk
bed top

ngaansa

I. N

1. plant flood debris

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    With the rainy season come floods, when all kinds of logs and other debris clog up the rivers and streams. Unfortunately, as of 2009, this has included more "city trash" in the form of plastic bottles and bags, foil wrappers, etc., as there are more peope living upstream, and more people generating trash which is simply tossed.

ngabang sinsin

I. N

1. dom.,plant,tree unidentified tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    this is the smallish tree they prefer to use to hold up the ngabang when scraping it with a kiskis to make thread.
  • Léxica:
    ngaabang

ngabang uup taara

I. N

1. plant big silkgrass

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngabang uup taara
Unidentified tall aloe-looking plant fruit big

ngabang uup tiiskiba

I. N

1. plant small silkgrass

ngalang sinup

I. N

1. plant monkey apple

ngaliis aing kat

I. N

1. plant alligator wood tree
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngaliis aing kat nsut paukka, uut nsukaini, an taat.
    When we fall the alligator tree, we make dory, and lumber.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaliis aing kat
caiman of tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The trunk of the tree is bumpy like the alligator's back.

ngaraak tuk aing katuruk

I. N

1. plant macaw tail flower
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngaraak tuk aing katuruk nguu tuksu yaapuni. saala, ikaa suskiiba.
    the macaw tail flower grows around the house. It is red and the leaves are longish.

ngarbing aing kiskis

I. N

1. artef.,cooking,dom.,plant,tree palm, unidentified

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a stouter variety of the kiskis tree, the trunk of which is used to make tongs for holding food such as fish, meat or bananas while roasting or serving, or to pick up "pieces of fire," etc. The thinner tree (kiskis) is preferred for making the tongs.

ngariik

I. N

1. plant mountain cow cane

ngarik

I. N

1. plant small lungko

ngerba

I. N

1. food,plant white cacao
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A variety of cacao with a pod that is larger than "regular" cacao, ad the husk is thicker. You can eat the jelly around the seed, and eat the plain roasted seed as it is not as bitter as other chocolate. Called 'werba' in Rama Cay kriol. Prepared the same way as regular cacao (chocolate) to drink; flavor very similar. Unknown to most people in Bluefields.
  • Léxica:
    Also ngarba, nyerba, narba. Also 'kuuk', 'aumaup' 'ngungisup' for other kinds of cacao. Pataste in Spanish.

ngerbaup

I. N

1. food,plant white cacao seed

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Has bigger pod and seed, and thicker husk than 'kuuk' cacao. The seed is whiter and sweeter than the 'kuuk' cacao seed. You can roast that seed like peanuts (pinda in Kriol). You can eat the jelly around the seed, like for 'kuuk' cacao. Spanish word for it is pataste (which is the name of a Rama settlement up Punta Gorda).
  • Gramatical:
    The final '-up' class marker is for roundish shape.

nguang

I. N

1. plant type of plant

ngulang

I. N

1. dom.,palm,plant,tree species of palm

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    One of several palms whose leaves are used for the roof of a house. Ngulang can last ten years.
  • Léxica:
    Also nguulang, nuulan, nuulang

ngulkang aing urmut

I. N

1. plant,whit unidentified vine

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A big-leaved vine that grows on trees and logs. The "string" part of the vine is used to tie up things.

ngungka

I. N

1. dom.,plant,tree scomphra

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A palm which grows in the swamp. One of the preferred leaves for the roof of your house because it can last ten years.
  • Léxica:
    lungku is Miskitu, and Kriol.

ngungka uuruk

I. N

1. artef.,dom.,plant,tree skomfra
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is the part of the skomfra tree which holds the "fruits." Is used as a strainer when making coconut milk, or for cane juice. Also hung over the fire and used as a net to dry and store chocolate or weerba seeds. Children sometimes use it as a cap in play.
  • Léxica:
    Also ngungka katruk, ngungka kat uuruk, ngunka kat uruuk; literally, "skomfra flowers."

ngunisup

I. N

1. food,plant wild chocolate

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There is (or used to be) plenty, but if you pick it up, when you try to back the sack to your dory, you just keep going round and around the tree. Because it is wild you can't have, the owner won't let you (NR).
  • Gramatical:
    Takes the class marker 'up' for roundish shape. Refers to the seed.
  • Léxica:
    A kind of wild cacao, see also 'kuuk' 'ngerba' and 'aumaup' for other kinds of cacao/chocolate.

ngwairup

I. N

2. plant kwakwa seed
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tiiskibadut ngwairup u aalatbaingi. Ariira u analkangi.
    The children like to play with a kwakwa seed (gig). They throw it with a string.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    From a mangrove plant. The seed is called kwakwa is Kriol, or 'deer eye'. It is a pretty round, flatish chesnut-colored seed with a black stripe around the side.
  • Gramatical:
    With -up suffix for roundish shaped items.
  • Léxica:
    kwakwa seed is Kr.

nuursking

I. N

1. artef.,hunting,plant,tree species of rawa-type palm

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A type of very tall and straight rawa palm used for making peg staffs for hunting turtles. You can take 8 out of a tall one. You can't make a "baul" (bowl) out of this one because no part of it is big enough.

okonaup

I. N

1. plant,tree hone palm

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Identified as "real hone tree." Seed is small and round, red outside when ripe; inside black and tough. Some people boil the seeds to eat like suupa, though it is very oily, and doesn't taste as good as suupa. Some people use the oil as a hair care product. Hogs, wari, and peccary eat the seed. The seeds ripen around November.

paalpa paalkat

I. N

1. plant manati rib

paasungup

I. N

1. plant hog plum

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    a bitter-tasting fruit

paasungup mamaama

I. N

1. plant tame hog plum

Composicion:

expression

paatang

I. N

1. plant mangrove

paatang pluuma

I. N

1. plant white mangrove

paatrut

I. N

1. bread,food,plant patriot banana
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Paatrut seerinka nsut angtki naingkarka laap nsuungi naingkarka tuktinka abung ki nsuauki naingkarka nsukwsi.
    When the patriot banana is full, we cut it and we make wabul. When it is ripe we put it in the fire to roast and we eat it.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Real big banana, bigger than the 'Yucatan banana'. It cooks soft.
  • Léxica:
    See also 'yukatan' (Yucatan banana). see also 'samuu aingwa'.

paik

I. N

1. food,plant sweet potato

2. potato

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Means 'potato' only in the compound 'paik saima'.

paik saima

I. N

1. food,plant potato

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    These are considered a gourmet item by the Ramas who eat them as they cannot be grown in the region, and must be bought in Bluefields, where they are brought in from the Pacific. They cook them in rundown or boil them as another variety of "breadkind," and also make wabul "laap," (without sugar).
  • Léxica:
    Also "piteeta," borrowed from English.

pakanup aaluk

I. N

1. plant basket prickle

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Grows in swamp, like whit, covered with prickles.

palangka

I. N

1. plant,tree broom

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used to make brooms, like the tursin tree.

palka

I. N

1. plant,tree yahal

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Mountain tree.

palkat

I. N

1. plant,tree big, big bribri (Kr)

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are many different kinds of bribri with different sizes of pods (resembling tamarind) whose seeds are sweet and can be eaten.
  • Léxica:
    See tamtamakat, tamtamaup

papta

I. N

1. plant palm tree

pasankiirup

I. N

1. plant givenot food

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Type of whit.

pasankiit

I. N

1. plant belly full whit

patan ngalma

I. N

1. plant buttonwood tree

pia

I. V

1. plant plant

2. bury

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The general meaning is 'put in the ground'. Most believe that you should plant anything around the full moon; some say not on the full moon, but either three days after, or three days before. Others say you should plant three days beofore or on the full moon, but not after. All seem to agree that during the canicula, from July 15 to August 15, you shouldn't plant anything because if you do, it won't grow well. (This is usually the heart of the rainy season.) Some say that there is actually only one day during that time when it is really bad to plant, but since you can't know which day that is, they don't plant for the whole period. Others say it is an unknown period of 15 days within that time frame, but for the same reason, because you can't know, you shouldn't plant for the whole month. Similarly, you should not cut leaves for your house during this time because they will rot quickly.
  • Gramatical:
    The final 'a' can be lenghten : 'piaa'.

pisabed

I. N

1. plant lizabeth leaf

pisup

I. N

1. plant prickly tree

piteeta

I. N

1. food,plant potato, meaning Kr. Irish potato

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Rama do not grow these; they must be bought in Bluefields, so are not eaten very often.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from English. Also "paik saima."

piungkit

I. N

1. artef.,house,plant wari whit
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Piungkit kat aap su aapuni. Nsut aamlaki usnaan yunsuparki. Nguu yunsuangaisi.
    the wari whit grows on a tree trunk. We pull it down. We make baskets with it. We tie the house with it.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Dark color whit. Used to tie the roof leaves with it, to tie game (including heavy waris) to carry back home. Also used to make baskets. Not as strong as 'kaung' (congkiva o bejuco de mujer).

plangka kat

I. N

1. dom.,palm,plant,tree broom tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    One of a number of plants that is used to make the sweeping part of a broom. This palm has large, tough rounded fan-shaped fronds.
  • Léxica:
    Also called turusiin, truusin (broom)

plingking

I. N

1. food,health,plant provision tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Eaten raw when it is young. It's very rich. Not eaten when the pod is big and brown, and the large seeds inside are mature, but the bark is peeled and dried, boiled and drunk to strengthen the blood. Dried chiny root is sometimes mixed with this tea. Creoles often add milk and Condor wine to the mixture, and call it a tonic. If you don't dry the provision bark well before making the tea, it will be stainy-tasting.

plung

I. N

1. fire,plant ash

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    You can use ashes to clean your pots and eating utensils if you don't have soap, along with cocnut husk to scrub them. Some of the old people don't like the scent of soap on eating utensils.

praanti

I. ?

1. plantain

II. N

1. bread,food,plant plantain
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Pranti ungi nsupauksu nsuaasiki. Yaltingka laap nsuungi. Kukunup arii kinsukai.
    We put plantain in the pot and we boil it. When it is cooked, we make the wabul. We put coconut milk in it.
  • Sii su naing praanti tangaangu nikuaakari.
    I have my plantain plantation in the river.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A preferred breadkind to eat. Eaten green and ripe in coconut porridges both sweetened and unsweetened, in rondon, roasted (ripe), and less frequently fried (green). The latter is the common Mestizo form of preparation. As of 2008 not as prevalent due to disease, replaced largely by the "filipito" banana, which was introduced after the hurricane.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (plantain).

praanti almuumu

I. N

1. body,bread,plant bosome plantain
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • 'Almuumu' nsut aungi praanti puksak taktingimaka.
    "We say ""bosome"" when two plantains peg together."

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
praanti almuumu
plantain joined

praanti kiing

I. N

1. body,plant bunch of plantains

Composicion:

expression

praukubliis

I. N

1. cooking,health,plant coriander

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Also known as "wild culantro". Used to season fresh fish soup made with machaca fish. As a medicine, used mashed and plastered on hand for drawing out the heat of a fever. Similarly a person can be beaten with it until blood is drawn to draw out the heat of a fever.

pruuki

I. N

1. artef.,palm,plant,tree unidentified palm

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A small slender tree in the bush. You strip pieces of the bark lengthwise to use to use for any number of things that require a sturdy cord, for example, to tie up a hog or game, or to make a tump line so that you can carry a sack of breadkind on your back by putting the "strap" around your forehead.

pruun

I. N

1. dom.,plant,tree trumpet tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The tree does not have a lot of uses; it is used to make hog sties.
  • Gramatical:
    Is used for both a tree 'pruun kat' (trumpet tree) and an ant 'pruun uut' (trumpet ant), but 'pruun' alone can only mean the tree.

pukup

I. N

1. food,fruit,plant,tree xxx

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A large, round, brown-skin fruit with a thin layer of orangish-yellow fruit similar to the Nicaraguan zapote surrounding a huge round seed with a kinky hair-looking covering. Sweet and tasty, but not much of it! Grows on a very large tree.
  • Léxica:
    laasup given as Rama in Wiring Cay, which others say is Rama Cay Creole. Also , pkup, pkuup, tkuup (very long falling vowel from Clotilda) Ulwa: lasa/lasap

puulik

I. N

1. artef.,dory,plant unidentified
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A tree which can grow to tremendous size, and which therefore has huge outcroppings at the bottom of the trunk ("gamba" in Kriol, "ikiit" in Rama) to anchor it. Has a lot of folklore connected with it. For example, each tree is said to have an "owner," and you have to talk to this owner before you do anything with the tree. The owner is thought by most to be some kind of "perri piypil," i.e., "fairy people." Can be used for dories, which will last about two years unless you cover the inside with fiberglass, which extends their use.

puulik uruk

I. N

1. clothes,plant cotton

puunu

I. N

1. plant,tree babwood

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    See kunkun.

puupup

I. N

1. plant milk tree

pwatpaup

I. N

1. food,plant candy

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
pwatpa up
sugar round shape

rais

I. N

1. food,plant rice
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    One of the main foods of the contemporary Rama. Usually eaten cooked with coconut milk, or cooked in coconut milk with beans which have previously been boiled. They do not usually make the Spanish-style "gallo pinto" with previously cooked rice and beans being fried together with cooking oil, nor do they fry raw rice before cooking it or mix leftover rice with something else for a second meal. Having only rice, "so-so rice" as the whole meal, even with breakind, is reason for complaint. Coconut-stewed rice and beans plus breadkind is a common principal meal, though they prefer to also have some kind of meat or fish as part of the meal. The rice in the rice and beans must not be mushy; they like the grains to separate so that the dish is "shelly-shelly." Round grain rice which naturally stick together when cooking, and which is what has often come from foreign donations in the past, is not to their liking. Many plant rice for their own consumption, and perhaps some to sell. It has to be watched to keep animals from eating it, and has to be weeded, as well as hulled after being harvested. The whole family participates in various of these endeavors. They also clean it (pick out tiny rocks, etc.), and wash it before cooking.
  • Gramatical:
    Loanword from English (rice)

saaduk

I. N

1. food,plant grapefruit

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Another citrus planted and consumed, usually as "fresco," though not as common as oranges of different kinds. Kyador likes to put grapefruit juice in a calabash of warapo (cane juice) to drink.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu sadik. Also "uriaup tataara."

saaluk

I. N

1. body,plant prickle

saaluk

I. N

2. plant coconda

saan

I. N

1. plant,tree saba

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A good wood for dories.

saa ngulung

I. N

1. body,plant sawdust

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    From English borrowing 'saa' (beginning of 'sawdust') and Rama 'ngulung' (powder). The Rama name for 'sawdust' is 'ngaan'.

saapla

I. N

1. plant,tree type of tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This tree is used to make wabul (lap, in Rama) sticks.

sabaka

I. N

1. food,plant sopadilla

sabang

I. N

1. artef.,dom.,plant,tree gourd
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Sabang refers to the gourd tree, or to the round "fruit." After being picked and dried, it is cut and used for bowls for eating, drinking, or bailing the dory. As of 2008 not as prevalent in households due to increased use of plastic containers and metal and plastic bowls and plates. Some cut plastic gallons in half, using the bottom as a bowl, and the top as a large mug for "fresco." "Sabang" refers to the round gourd; "uulup" or "ulngup" is the long one. The Ramas do not generally carve designs in them or decorate them.
  • Léxica:
    More commonly "saabang" in the Cane Creek area.

sai

I. N

1. dom.,land,plant farm
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This refers to the place where you have cleared ground, usually not very big, and have planted crops. Calling it a "farm" or "plantation" For both Rama and Kriol does not usually denote a large area with a house, large cultivated fields, and livestock. There may very well be no shelter at all at the site.

saliuknurukla

I. N

1. plant prickle tree

samalssamals

I. N

1. plant short wild plan (Kr)

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Looks like a banana or plantain plant, but isn't. This is the short wild plan.
  • Léxica:
    See "wang."

samuu

I. N

1. food,plant banana
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Samuu seerinnanaaki.
    The banana is maturing (fulling/ getting more flesh).
  • Samuu tukpaa baing, angka skwsi.
    The banana is too green. We kyan eat it.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are many different kinds of bananas, many of which have their own name.
    All are considered a kind of breadkind when green, and are either stewed in coconut milk, preferably with some kind of fish or meat, or boiled. Green ones that cook "soft" may also be boiled, mashed, and consumed as a porridge with coconut milk added. Some bananas are also consumed raw when ripe , or may be cooked, usually as a porridge with coconut milk added, or roasted.
    As of 2009 in Cane Creek/Aguila, the "real banana," or patriot, said to burn instead of growing, though other varieties still grow well.
  • Gramatical:
    Has a variant 'sumuu' that is less frequent.

samuu aingwa

I. N

1. bread,food,plant real banana
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Samuu aingwa yuuk palplaas altangi.
    the real banana, its skin/peel looks dark

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    real banana meaning the big ones that cook soft

samuu brup

I. N

1. bread,food,plant greytown banana
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Samuu brup seerinka nangkti, naingkarka nikai tuktinkama. Naingkarka laap yuniuungi, taimka swiin yuniuungi. Tuktinka pwatpa, tkukiba aingwa.
    when the greytown banana is full I cut it and I put it up to ripen. Then I make wabul with it, sometimes I make bread with it. When it is ripe it is sweet and very short.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A small banana which is commonly grown and sold in Bluefields. As of 2008, "real" bananas increasingly scarce.
  • Léxica:
    Has many other names: punga, tika, greytown, rosita. Punga is from Misk. Rosita relatively new (2008), probably brought in by Sp.

samuu kaaluk

I. N

1. plant,space old banana plantation

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Place where old Ramas planted bananas and where you can still find bananas to cut.

samuu kaat

I. N

1. bread,food,fruit,plant banana sucker
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The suckers are the new plants that shoot up around the banana tree. You dig these out and carry them to plant new trees.

samuu kiing

I. N

1. body,food,plant bunch

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is the whole stalk.

samuu pluuma

I. N

1. bread,food,plant white banana

II.

. [KRI] white G , [RCK] white G

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    'Real old time white banana'.
  • Léxica:
    not the same as the 'patriut'.

samuu saala

I. N

1. bread,food,plant red banana

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
samuu salaa
banana red

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    An old times Rama banana, more common in the southern communities (but even there not very common as of 2008). Stout medium size banana (as the 'sammu pluuma). Not usually cooked "green" as breadkind. Can be eaten raw when ripe, but usually cooked by roasting. Sometimes they drink chocolate accompanied by roasted ripe red bananas.

samuusamuu

I. N

1. bread,food,plant unidentified swamp plant, a vine
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Samuusamuu suupa isii. Uup yirii ki yaapuni.
    The sprickle banana (not a banana!) looks like supa. It grows in the swamp.
  • Samuusamuu kat aalukwa. yupyuwadut kwsi. Anaasiki, ankwsi. samuusamuu kaa seem kiup isii yaungai.
    This swamp tree has prickles. The old time people eat the seed. They boil it and eat it. The leaf of the swamp prickle tree look like a heart.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Original first time Rama breadkind. Some of the Ramas occasionally still eat it.It grows on a swamp tree with prickles. The starchy edible seed looks like a chesnut; it is boiled and peeled to be eaten. Tastes like castana (Sp.)
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication.
  • Léxica:
    'samuu' by itself means banana, the reduplication refers to a breadkind chesnut like seed.

santa maria

I. N

1. plant santa maria

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A desirable hardwood.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from Spanish (Santa Maria).
  • Léxica:
    Usually pronounced santa 'maryia (stress on first syll.)

sarak

I. N

1. space upper part

1. upper

2. body gum

3. body,plant foot of tree

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Unknown concept in English of something attached to a body. 'sarak' cannot be used alone : it enters in the expressions 'kwiik sarak' (upper arm), 'tkua sarak' (upper leg), 'siik sarak' (gum), 'kat sarak' (foot of tree).

sarap

I. N

1. plant marassee

sarap sii ki ka

I. N

1. plant water marassee

sarkit

I. N

1. plant whit

2. plant beach whit

sarkit saala

I. N

1. plant red whit

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
sarkit saala
beach whit red

sarkit ulis

I. N

1. body,plant whit roots

sarpang

I. N

1. plant moho

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Not a hardwood. Still may used to make bags, perhaps rope, perhaps hammocks, by peeling the bark, soaking the insides for several days, and then using that to fabricate the above items. There are different kinds of moho, freshwater, saltwater....

sii aing sarap

I. N

1. plant water marassee

siibalbal

I. N

1. bread,food,plant 500 plantain
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Yupyuwalut aakrikurkaing sibalbla ankuaakari, kuni laap antukkama, barka yalamsukatkulu. Angka saapi.
    Old time people have this plantain to make wabul, but it got lost (loss up). We kyan find it.
  • Siibalbal pranti saina barka yuup ngaarak ikuaakari. Taisung hundred kwikistar ikuaakar. seerinka angka sangking yaubri baingi. Nangtikka tuktinkama nikai, naingkarka laap yuniuungi.
    the 500 seed plantain is another plantain but it has many seeds. Sometimes it has 500. When it is full we can't back it, it's too heavy. When we cut it we put it to ripen and make wabul with it.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Usually called quinientos plantain. It's not known when bananas and plantain, and which varieties, first came into Rama culture. Likewise, it's not known which ones were lost due to disease, or whether some that they say are lost might still be around somewhere.
  • Léxica:
    Seed here means individual fruits.
    Also "siibalbala."

siikit

I. N

1. plant,tree polewood

siin

I. N

1. cooking,dom.,plant,tree swampwood tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used traditionally for the household fire. Three long swampwood logs were placed with ends facing one another on the earthen floor of the house. Once burning, they would burn continuously very slowly. They would be pulled slightly away from one another when not in use. For cooking, they would be moved closer together, and smaller sticks and twigs put in the center to catch fire. The pot would be set on that fire in the middle of the logs. Most people have used a raised fire hearth for many years now. The tree also has an interesting yearly cycle in that different animals are attracted to it at different times of the year. For example, for a time it is covered with butterflies, and at another, hummingbirds.
  • Léxica:
    Also sinkat, sinup, sinis

siit

I. N

1. artef.,house hammock

2. plant moho

sinis

I. N

2. plant swampwood trash

sinkat

I. N

1. plant swampwood tree

sinsak aing alkiini

I. N

1. food,plant bird pepper
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Yupyuwa taim ki sinsak aing alkiini aing alkiini kuk yuanamaiki, naingkarka anaasiiksu anngwi, barka yalkiinbaingi. Annguut yusaatingatkulaakari anngwuka.
    The old time people they rub cocoa with bird pepper, then they boil it and drink it, but it is too hot. Their faces get red with it when they drink it.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
sinsak aing alkiini
bird of gourd pepper

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This plant can be used to make the stem of a smoking pipe (the bowl of the pipe is a hollowed out siliku seed). Its name is because birds eat it.

sinsinka

I. N

1. plant grass

2. plant,water seaweed

sinsinka arii

I. N

1. food,health,plant lemon grass tea

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They grow it by the house, usually used medicinally to cure headaches. They might make tea with it when they don"t have coffee or leaves to make tea.

sirik

I. N

1. health,plant kind of lime

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Large yellow bumpy thick skinned lime used for bathing dead people and for the body washers to bathe in.
  • Gramatical:
    Minimal pair with 'siirik' (macharca fish)

Skwalup Ipang

I. PN

1. food,land,plant,toponomy Skwalup Cay/ unidentified fruit

Composicion:

expression

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    In Bluefields lagoon, one of two small cays near Rama Cay. (Walker Cay is the other.) Ramas get wood there and they go fishing around there. Generally not known what "Skwalup" refers to; however, Miss Nora remembered her mother taking her shore there, and showing her a skwalup fruit. It was the size of a star apple, and very, very sweet. It was a low tree, or big bush. She had never since seen one. The fruit was the same color as sapodilly.

suaila tuk

I. N

1. artef.,plant unidentified leaf

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The leaf is used for any number of purposes, e.g., to put over your shoulder so that a bunch of bananas you are carrying won't stain your clothes, for a pot cover, to carry honeycomb, iibo, coajada, etc.
  • Léxica:
    Only heard pronounced "shwaila." also shortened to just "tuk," (tail")

suang

I. N

1. plant,tree tuburus

sukling aing sambruk

I. N

1. plant toad cap mushroom

suksuk uup

I. N

1. food,plant unidentified fruit

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A fruit that grows on a low tree in Long Beach. When ripe, it is 1/2 yellow, and 1/2 green, the same size as a star apple Sp. caimito). The inside is white with little seeds similar-looking to a star apple's.
  • Léxica:
    Also just "suksuk."

sulba

I. N

1. health,plant a medicinal bush

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A bush, a "meager tree," i.e., a tree with a thin trunk, whose leaves are boiled and the water is then used as an antiseptic.

sulup

I. N

1. plant silico

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    See suulup.

suula alkiini

I. N

1. food,plant gourd pepper
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Suula alkiini astaiki.
    The (deer) gourd pepper is hot.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
suula alkiini
deer gourd pepper

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Probably called this way because deer eat it.

suula sulin kat

I. N

1. plant deer horn tree

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
suula suliin kat
deer horn tree

suulatuk

I. N

2. plant swallow tail palm

suuliup

I. N

2. plant milky tree

suulsulu

I. N

1. house,plant,tree xxx

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    One tough stick (a short tree) for house beams. Skwaalup Cay is in Bluefields Lagoon, but there aren't any of the trees there. As of 2008, there are plenty around Aguila.
  • Léxica:
    Also sulsul (Angela). Sulba in Spanish.

suulup

I. N

1. fishing,health,palm,plant,tree palm variety
Pictures/Imagenes:

2. artef. pipe bowl

3. artef. torch

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A bitter fruit that only the Rama used to eat. You cut the bunch of fruits and let it ripen for eight days before you eat it. You eat the seed when it is ripe: yellow outside, and red inside. It is called "Rama pills." It is bitter, but it is good for the blood. You can mix it with coconut trash (the grated coconut that is left after you sqeeze the milk out), or with roast ripe banana. You can also use the seed to make the bowl of a pipe. The siliku torch is to make light to see the snook so you can strike them with a harpoon in dry weather times in the lagoon and in Cane Creek. If you cut it in the rain times you have to put it in the house to dry. You cut off the leaf part, peel back the bark, beat the white part, split it fine, put about three of them in a bundle and tie them up and light the end. Each bundle is two yards long and lasts about an hour. As of 2008, however, there were not enough snook around to torch, and even if there were, more and more people have headlamps now. The leaves also used to make the walls around a house and a sleeping mat when you're in the bush and have nothing else.
  • Gramatical:
    With 'up' for round objects.
  • Léxica:
    Kind of palm tree.

suupa

I. N

1. artef.,food,plant peach palm

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Tree species with very strong wood used to make bows, staffs, sinnaks, and arrows. Also refers to the fruit, which is a nutritious staple traditionally in season around Sept.- Nov. There is a number of different varieties of this palm, some with spiny trunks, and some with smooth trunks. The clusters of fruit grow high up on the tree, and most varieties are red, orange, or yellow when ripe. Each suupa looks like a miniature coconut. The best ones are "cracky-cracky;" i.e., the outsie of the fruit is not overly smooth and shiny. You boil them in water with a little salt, peel them, and eat what corresponds to the husk of the coconut. The flesh should be dry like a potato, and not "waterish." Enjoyed as a meal accompanied by hot coffee. Is also made into bunya. (See "suupa kaas.") Highly desirable commercial item all over the coast and in Managua especially by Costenos. Will rot if not cooked and eaten within about four days from harvest. Problems with people stealing suupa from owners' trees, sometimes even cutting down the tree to get the bunches of fruit. Can also be dried and made into flour to use to make a porridge, though no one today does that. Some trees also bear in dry weather, around April. As of 2009, commentary that with the climate change, some trees are "mix-up, mix-up" regarding when they are bearing.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu 'supa'.

suupa kaas

I. N

1. food,plant bunya

suurak

I. N

1. food,fruit,plant pineapple
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are a number of different varieties, from so extremely sour and acidic that it is edible (horse pine) to very sweet and non-acidic (sugarloaf). Horse pine will actually cut up your tongue if you try to eat it. They usually just eat pineapple raw, but also sometimes make pineapple wine. To make this, you put the cut peels in a jar with freshly squeezed cane juice and let it ferment in the sun for a few days. Only made in the bush by those who have both sugar cane and a cane press.

suurak king

I. N

1. plant pineapple sucker

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The new pineapple leaves sprouting off the side which you break off to plant a new fruit-bearing plant.

suusanga

I. N

1. plant cotton

taakan

I. N

1. plant,tree nanciton

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Good for lumber.

taas

I. N

1. plant species of tree

2. food fruit of the "taas" tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Smallish fruit bearing tree that grows alongside creeks. Fruit similar to, but smaller than, kineps (Kr.). It has white "meat" around the seed. It's sour, but people eat it. The old people would cook it with cane juice and make lap, and also jelly.
  • Léxica:
    "Taas uup" more commonly for the fruit.

taasup

I. N

1. plant comphra

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Homonym with 'taasup' meaning 'hill'.

taatup

I. N

1. body,plant board knot

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
taat up
board round shape

taatup ngurii

I. N

1. plant board knot hole

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
taatup ngurii
board knot hole

tabak

I. N

1. dom.,plant,tree sleeping tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A hardwood that has a lot of uses. It is good firewood whether big or small. You cut house posts from the trunk when it is half-big so that you don't have to split it. When it is big you split the trunk to get posts. When it is small you cut the small trees to make house walls. When it is half-big, you cut the branches to make a pig sty or chicken house.

taikupkupba

I. N

1. bread,food,plant bat nose plantain
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Taikupkupba pranti saina. Itaangup singaring taik isii yaltangi. Nkim nuunik naing pranti alamskwu. Angka saung ngar ki aakiri.
    the bat nose plantain is another plantain. Its navel (banana part) looks like a bat's nose. Today this plantain is lost. We don't know where it is.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
taik tkuptkupba
nose knotty

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    A shortened form of a compound 'taik+tkuptkupba'

taktaknguusaia

I. N

1. plant tiger bush

tamtama kat

I. N

1. plant,tree bribri tree

tamtamaup

I. N

1. food,plant,tree big bribri

2. plant,tree bribri

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication. See also 'taulkup' (small bribri).

tamtamaup parnga

I. N

1. food,plant,tree unidentified tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The flowers are red. The seed pod is green, black when ripe. The sweet sticky paste around the seeds inside the pods is eaten; the color and taste resemble molasses. Traditionally picked from trees in town or in the bush, but not a commercial item. As of 2008 also sold in Bluefields. Some people don't like to eat it, but plant the tree because they like the flowers.

tamtamaup pluuma

I. N

1. plant white bribri

tamtamaup saala

I. N

1. plant red bribri

tamus

I. N

1. plant,tree a kind of cedar tree

tanaliup

I. N

1. plant locust tree

taulikat

I. N

1. plant garlic

tauli sabangup

I. N

1. plant salt water gourd fruit

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a gourd tree that grows along the edge of brackish water in swamps near the sea. The gourd only grows large enough to make a cup, as compared to the bush sabang tree from which bowls are made for eating and drinking.
  • Léxica:
    Also "tauli aing sabang"

tauli sabangup kat

I. N

1. plant salt water gourd tree

tauli siit

I. N

1. plant wild moho

tauli sii tuuk

I. N

1. plant salt water moho

tauli sii tuulkat

I. N

1. plant saltwater tree

taulkup

I. N

1. food,plant,tree small bribri

tausung aing kat

I. N

1. plant dogwood tree

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
tausung aing kat
dog of tree

tiin

I. N

1. plant,tree basida or boss-cedar

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are different varieties of cedar trees with different qualities of wood. Tiing is good to make bauls because it doesn't split; sabba splits. But, tiing doesn't grow straight and round for boats like sabba. Some trees are harder and harder to find now, so some varieties used for specific constructions are not found anymore and other varieties are used instead.
  • Gramatical:
    There are three variant forms: tiin, tiing, tin

tiirbi

I. N

1. bread,food,plant yellow plantain
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tiirbi pranti ikaa nuknuknga yuup nuknuknga yuup tkukiiba aatiiskiba.
    The yellow plantain has yellow leaf and yellow fruit. The fruit is short and stout.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Called in Kriol 'maiden plaan' (short for plantain). It is squarish and pinkish inside. Eaten cooked.
  • Léxica:
    Possibly the older Rama word for a native banana. Used later for imported plantains, also called praanti.

tkan

I. N

1. plant unidentified weed with thorns

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are two different kinds: one with big leaves, and one with small leaves. There are many such bothersome plants in the bush that are one of the less enjoyable aspects of life there.

tkuaup

I. N

1. plant yanu

tkupka

I. N

1. food,plant,tree cowfoot

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used to make tea. Has a slightly anise taste to it.
  • Gramatical:
    The final '-ka' surely comes from 'kaa' (leaf).

truk

I. N

1. cooking,dom.,plant waha leaf
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A large-leafed plant grown around homes the leaves of which are used to make small house shelters while planting up a creek or river, wrap food in, etc.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu; used in Kriol

tukpaa

I. ADJ

1. measuring,plant unripe

2. young

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Used for plants.

tuktiin

I. V

1. food,plant ripen

2. food,plant be ripe

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Has a variant 'tuptiin'. For both 'tuktiin' and 'tuptiin', the long vowel 'ii' can be shortened.

tuktiinba

I. ADJ

1. food,plant ripe

Composicion:

derivation
Morfemas
tuktiin ba
be ripe ADJ

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The derivational suffix '-ba' can be nasalised to '-ma' after the final nasal of 'tuktiin'.

tum

I. N

1. food,plant,whit

tumtum

I. N

1. flower,plant water lily (probable)

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a "blue flowers" in the water in Punta Gorda. No known use.

tursin

I. N

1. artef.,house broom
Pictures/Imagenes:

2. plant broom tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Brooms are made out of various leaves tied to a stick with a whit, or sometimes may even be a whole piece of a plant such as the fallen limb of a palm such as a coconut with the bottom part of the broom being what's left after the fruits or seeds have dropped off. The broom plant resembles corn.
  • Léxica:
    Also trusiin, turusiin.

tuu

I. N

1. food,plant tobacco

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They may have grown it in the past but not anymore. Beaten and used as a poultice on a wound or to cure something.

tuu kaa

I. N

1. plant tobacco leaf

Composicion:

Compounds

tuula

I. N

1. dom.,plant Rawa palm

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are different kinds of rawa palms used for different things. Tuula is used to make a stretcher. The trunk and bark pieces are cut to make bed slats, table tops, etc.
  • Gramatical:
    Has many names : bungka, rawa, tuularaba, makengue. (Sp.)

tuula uuk

I. N

1. dom.,plant part of one species of rawa-type palm

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
tuula uuk
Rawa palm bark

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is the base of the frond of one kind of one kind of rawa-type palm. Used for bauls (bowls) to carry water, iibu, anything. Cut off the "bowl," and tie the ends with kongkiiva whit
  • Léxica:
    kongkiib/va

tuunu

I. N

1. plant tunu tree

tuunuk

I. N

1. food,health,plant papaya

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They grow it on Rama Cay to eat. They know that it can also help to aliviate constipation. Not grown in Cane Creek.

tuut

I. N

1. plant fig

2. plant fig tree

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Minimal pair with 'tut' (yellowtail bird).

tuut uup

I. N

1. plant fig seed

Composicion:

expression

ubusup

I. N

1. body,plant sprout

ulinguling

I. N

1. animal,mammal howler monkey
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ulinguling ikakat su yukyaatingi.
    The baboon sit down on the big limb.
  • Ulinguling tuut uup tuut kaa ikwsi sirik tuut uup alptangka sii ki ikwsi.
    The baboon eat the seed and the leaf of the fig tree. When the fig seed drop in the water, the machaca eat it.

Pictures/Imagenes:

2. plant baboon pepper

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ulinguling pluuma, yuup tiiskiba suk. Yastaikbaingi.
    the baboon pepper is white, its seed is very tiny. It is very hot.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    You can hear them from a great distance away. Can frighten you the first time you hear them. Travel in troupes, and are part of the traditional early morning and early evening sounds in the bush, and until not so long ago, on the outskirts of Bluefields. As of 2008, increasingly rare due to loss of habitat and killing by new campesinos.
    Se pueden escuchar a gran distancia. Pueden atemorizar la primera vez que se escuchan. Viajan en manadas, temprano en la mañana y al atardecer, son parte del sonido tradicional en el monte. Hasta no hace mucho se encontraban en las afueras de Bluefields. Desde el 2008, es cada vez mas raro encontrarlos debido a la pérdida del habitat y a que los campesinos los matan.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common in animal names.

ulung

I. N

1. body,plant seed

2. body,plant grain

ungkalaup

I. N

1. plant tabacon tree

ungsing

I. N

1. plant moho

ungskup

I. N

1. food,plant bean

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Small red beans, a lot of which they grow themselves, and from which they save some to plant again the next time. Like other crops, a lot of work to keep animals away from, to weed, to harvest, to shell and to dry. Used to keep them in a gourd to keep them dry and to help keep out mice, weevils, etc. Now they use jars or other containers. If they get weevils, they won't germinate. Eaten boiled, stewed with coconut milk, stewed in coconut milk with rice (and salt plus onion, black pepper, gourd pepper, if you have it), boiled, sometimes fried. (coconut oil if they have enough coconuts to make it). Newly-harvested red beans accompanied by boiled or stewed breadkind are very tasty. If they have enough, they will sell some.
  • Gramatical:
    With the class marker '-up' for roundish shape. Has two variants 'nguskup' and 'biinz'. The second one is a borrowing from English 'beans'.

unsuba

I. N

1. plant,tree mahogany

upkika

I. N

1. plant rubber tree

uriaup

I. N

1. food,plant orange

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Borrowed from English 'orange' to which the Rama class marker '-up' (round) was added. Has variation 'oriaup' with English 'o'.

uriaup kat

I. N

1. plant orange tree

uriaup nuknukisba

I. N

1. food,plant tangerine

Composicion:

expression

uriaup pakaskaaba

I. N

1. food,plant bitter orange

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
uriaup pakaskaaba
orange bitter

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Not just a bad orange. This variety never has sweet flesh and juice. Bigger and bumpier than sweet orange. Used for fresco.

uriaup pulkaaba

I. N

1. food,plant sweet lime

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    You don't make lemonade out of it, you eat it. It is not overly juicy. Harvested around Christmas time.

    No hacés limonada con él, te lo comés. No es muy jugoso. Se cosecha en época cercana a la Navidad.

uriaup supkaaba

I. N

1. food,health,plant lime

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They make lemonade with it sometimes, or squeeze it into cane juice. Limes, lime tree leaf, bark and roots are heavily used medicinally and also to cleansed (like after you have been dealing with sick people).

uriaup tataara

I. N

1. food,plant,tree grapefruit

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
uriaup tataara
orange very big

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Grapefruit is one of a number of different citrus planted both for personal use and as a source of income. They eat them and make "fresco" with the juice: juice with water and sugar added. Ramas, like most other people in Nicaragua, usually don't drink the pure juice of fruits.
  • Léxica:
    Also uriaup tataara nguknguknga. Some use the word s(h)aaduk, borrowed from Miskito.

uruk

I. N

1. space top

2. body,plant flower

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    'uruk' means flower in compounded words such as 'puulik uruk' (cotton). 'A flower' is 'katuruk'.

usru aing kungsungup katuruk

I. N

1. plant rooster comb plant
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Usru aing kungsungup katuruk mamaama. Nguu tuksu yaapuni. saala yaungai ansam yaltangi.
    the rooster comb flowers are tame. They grow around the house. They look red, they look pretty.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
usru aing kungsungup katuruk
of comb flower

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Expression based on another expression : 'usru aing kungsungup' means 'rooster crest'.

uuk

I. N

1. animal,body,human skin , [ESP] piel

2. body,plant bark , [ESP] corteza

3. animal,body shell , [ESP] concha, cáscara

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used for 'turtle shell'.

uukanaup

I. N

1. plant,tree hone seed

uulup

I. N

1. artef. palangka (?)

2. artef.,dom.,plant gourd dipper/bailer

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    "Uulup" refers to a long gourd, as contrasted with "sabang," which is round. As with the "sabang," these are dried, halved, and hollowed out to make utensils. The long ones usually serve a dippers or dory bailers.
    "Uulup" also refers to a long pole (palangka) which is used to move a dory or motorboat when it is too shallow to paddle or use the motor, or to maneuver where the "uulup" is more effective.

uup

I. N

1. body eye , [ESP] ojo

2. plant seed , [ESP] semilla

3. plant fruit , [ESP] fruta

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Very common in languages to have the same word for 'eye' and 'seed'.
  • Gramatical:
    'uup' is lexical source of the class marker '-up' for roundish things.

uut

I. N

1. artef.,dory dory , [ESP] cayuco
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Uut aingwa nipaukka uut yunikaini.
    when I fall a cedar tree, I cut a dory with it

Pictures/Imagenes:

2. plant,tree cedar , [ESP] cedro

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Dory-making is an important skill for men, but some are much better than others, and in general all make fun of the heavy, ugly, crooked dories Spaniards tend to make. They are made completely by hand, from felling the tree by handaxe to final planing. Seagoing dories have to be shaped differently than dories that will stay in the lagoon or go up river, and not everyone has the skill to make them differently. The preferred tree to use is mahogony, but that is virtually impossible to find now in a big enough size and straight. That can last up to 15 years if you tar it up with cresote so that the salt water worm doesn't destroy it. Samwood 10 yrs.Yamari and ceiba might last 3 -4 years. Sabba 3 years, and cedar 1 - 2 years. If you dream the tree, you will find it while you are walking in the bush. Sometimes you find a really good tree, but after you do all of the prep work and cut it down, you find there's a big hole in the middle, so it's only good for making paddles and other small wooden implements.
  • Gramatical:
    For the meaning 'cedar', see 'uut aingwa'.

uut aingwa

I. N

1. artef.,dory,plant cedar tree
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Uut aingwa nipaukka uut yunikaini.
    when I fall a cedar tree, I cut a dory with it

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    favored wood for dories, but scarce for several decades, and extremely uncommon as of 2008.

uutkiing

I. N

1. plant,tree johncrow tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A large tree with yellow flowers.

waham

I. N

1. plant grape , [ESP] uva

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Grows along the beach between the beach and mangroves. Supposedly can be eaten, but is not sweet or juicy like other grapes; not eaten by Rama.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu "waham."

yahal

I. N

1. dom.,plant,tree sandpaper tree

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The leaves closely resemble the leaves of the trumpet tree, but are rough like sandpaper and can be used to help smooth wood artefacts. The trunk is brownish.
  • Léxica:
    Possible borrowing from Miskitu. See palka.

yampi

I. N

1. food,plant unidentified tuber

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A small purple potato with a dry texture and very slightly sweet taste. Though some might say "purple yam," these are much smaller than yams which are huge in comparison. Yampi commonly grown Wiring Cay and south, not so much around Rama Cay. (Also more common farther up the coast....in both cases perhaps due to it having come from the Kriol community). For the most plentiful and best-tasting harvest, plant as follows: Plow up the ground and plant May-June (full moon said to be best for all planting). What you plant is the "seed," i.e., any small yampi you have dug up when you "hauled" the plant. If you want to keep these for a while before ou plant them, you must keep them on the "stick" and keep them wet. Plant where the vine can climb up. Don't harvest until the second dry season (around March).

yamz

I. N

1. food,plant yam , [ESP] camote, papa dulce
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A breadkind more common among those who lived where there were more bush Kriols, e.g., Cane Creek, Aguila. There are several varieties, e.g., white yam, yellow yam. Not so common on Rama Cay and more people there don't like them. Grow very large. After you dig them up you can plant the head of the plant (It's small), or any of the small yams that you pull up. You should plant where the vine can climb. You can harvest after one year, in the next dry season.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (yam).

yengyeng

I. N

1. bread,food,plant small banana

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Very tiny banana found in Cane Creek.
    Banano bien pequeño que se encuentra en Cane Creek.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication.

yirii

I. N

1. thick liquid , [ESP] liquido espeso

2. body,plant sap

3. juice , [ESP] jugo, zumo

4. geo swamp , [ESP] ciñenaga, suampo

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A lot of Rama territory is in swampy areas, so many Rama spend a lot of time in swamps, hunting, fishing, looking for plants for building and making things, for various fruits and medications. They are obviously aware of the difficulties and dangers, but that is a central part of their territory, so they have learned how to take advantage of what that environment has to offer while managing the difficulties and dangers through communally shared knowledge.

yukatan

I. N

1. bread,food,plant Yucatan banana

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The Yucatan banana is smaller than the patriut banana, but also cooks soft.
    Probably a variety of banana brought in by banana companies.
    El banano Yucatan es mas pequeno que el banano patriota, pero tambien se asuaviza al cocinar. Probablemente es una variedad de banano traida por las companias bananeras.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from English/Spanish (Yucatan). See also 'paatrut'.
    Prestamo del Ingles y Espanol (Yucatan). Ver tambien "paatrut".