Diccionario


Mostrando 434 palabras para el campo semantico: animals

aabak

I. N

1. animal,body,human body hair , [ESP] vello
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngulkang aabak niauki abungi, yaap naasarki.
    We singe/burn roast the wari hair in the fire and we scrape the body.
  • Ikursking aabak baingbing ning nkiikna.
    This man has plenty chest hair.

2. bird,body feather , [ESP] pluma

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nguliik aabak ngarngaringma.
    The parrot has green feathers.
    El loro tiene plumas verdes.

aalbut

I. N

1. animal,reptile snake , [ESP] culebra
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Aalbut kaat tahma. Kiibingma.
    The snake have no foot. It is straight.
  • Aalbut almaliki.
    The snake curls up/wraps itself

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are many, many beliefs about snakes in general, and different kinds in particular, one of which is that all or some snakes can turn into other animals and back again, tricking people. Snakes are a constant worry everywhere, even on Rama Cay.

aalbut aingwa

I. N

1. animal,reptile fer-de-lance, bushmaster
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Aalbut aingwa baingbi. Naing aalbut arngutuing. Ma yarngutka ma imalngi. Aalbut aing dakta skuutaamaka, ma imalngut.
    That is the real tamagou that is. This snake bite. When he bites you, he kills you. When we no have the snake doctor you die.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Composicion:

expression

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Most Rama seem to categorize both the fer-de-lance and bushmaster as albut aingwa, barba amarilla and toboba in Spanish, respectively. Very central in the life of the Ramas and in their belief system. Variations on how to dispose of one that is killed; one commn belief that the head should be buried and the body dashed away. For the snake in this photo, the whole animal was buried at the bush edge of an occupied piece of land.

aalbut nuknuknga

I. N

1. animal,reptile beadsie snake
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Aalbut nuknuknga ituuk u yarnguli. suulaik tkii su yaanaiki.
    The yellow snake bites whith the tail. In the bush on the ground he creeps.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
aalbut nuknuknga
snake yellow
culebra

aalbut sii ki ka pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish eel , [ESP] Anguila
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Aalbut sii ki ka sii ki bii aakari. Kauling aa yarnguli.
    The water snake stays always in the water. He no bite people.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
aalbut sii ki ka
snake water in from
culebra

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This probably refers to the freshwater eel, which is sometimes caught by handline, and usually not eaten because it resembles a snake. There is also a "tauli aing albut" which refers to sea eels, probably moray eels from the description.
    Probablemente se refiere a la anguila de agua dulce, que a veces se pesca con cuerda de pescar, y generalmente no se come por que parece culebra. También hay una "tauli aing albut" que sólo se refiere a anguilas de mar, por la descripción pueden ser las anguilas llamadas morenas.
  • Gramatical:
    See also 'sii aing aalbut' with the same meaning, and "tukbut." Also "tauli aing albut."
    Ver con el mismo significado sii aing aalbut, tukbut: ver tambien con significado relacionado: tauli aing aalbut.
  • Léxica:
    See "tauli aing albut."

aalbut suknguang

I. N

1. animal,reptile baby snake

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
aalbut suknguang
snake animal baby
culebra

aaluk pronunciación

I. N

1. body bone , [ESP] hueso
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kuyak karka yualptangsu, itkua aaluk yaarku.
    He dropped down from high and he broke his leg bone.
    El se cayó desde arriba y se quebró el hueso de la pierna.

2. animal,body,plant prickle , [ESP] espina

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ulungulung aalukwa.
    The pricklepine has sprickles
    El puercoespin tiene espinas.

aalukwa pronunciación

I. ADJ

1. animal,body with bones , [ESP] con huesos
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Siirik salpka aalukwa.
    The macharca is a bony fish.
    La macharca es un pez espinudo.

Composicion:

derivation
Morfemas
aaluk wa
bone with
hueso

aap pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,body,human body , [ESP] cuerpo
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Naap alkiini aingu, naapalngaakari.
    My body itches that's why I am brushing/sweep it.
  • Naap siika u naasarki.
    I rub my body with medicine.

2. body,plant trunk , [ESP] tronco

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Airitrak kat aap pluuma. Yuup parparnga.
    The tree trunk of the olive is white. Its seeds are black.

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Source of very productive relational noun in 'aap su', 'aap ki' (on (the body of)--)

aaras

I. N

1. animal,mammal horse , [ESP] caballo
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kauling bula uungi, araas aing ngiskat u araas ngiskat siik siilak u anaasarki, ibulakama.
    They scrape the teeth of the horse jaw with a nail to make noise.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Both vowels can be lengthened : 'aaras' or 'araas'.
  • Léxica:
    Indirect borrowing from English (horse) through Miskitu 'aras'.

aat

I. N

1. animal,body egg , [ESP] huevo
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Suksuk aap niitniitwa bii.
    The body of the racoon is a striped one too.
    El cuerpo del mapache es rayado también.

Pictures/Imagenes:

2. body testicles , [ESP] testículos

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Ramas rarely eat chicken eggs; the women usually sell them. However, they do relish boiled turtle eggs, whether sea turtles or freshwater turtles. This includes cooking undeveloped eggs along with the meat in the case of freshwater turtles. Fish eggs, roe, are also a special treat, usually wrapped in a leaf and set into the coconut stew pot along with the fish and breadkind to cook.

    Los Ramas en raras ocasiones comen huevos de gallina, las mujeres generalmente los venden. Sin embargo, les encantan los huevos hervidos de tortuga, sean estos de tortuga de mar o de agua fresca; cocinan los huevos poco desarrollados junto con la carne, en este caso de las tortugas de agua fresca. Huevos de pescado, roe, son también un manjar, usualmente envueltos en hojas y colocados en un caldo con coco y cocinados junto a pescado y bastimento.

aat uuk

I. N

1. animal,body egg shell
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Siksik kaabi yaat uuk yaarikbaakiri, tabiibang.
    The baby chick just broke the egg shell to come out.
    El pollito acaba de quebrar el cascaron para salir.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
aat uuk
egg shell
huevo concha, cáscara

abung ngalaa

I. N

1. animal,food fire honey
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Abung puupu yuut nupisba. Ngalaali pwatpa yuungi. Yirii ki kat aap su yuungi.
    The abung puupu bee is brown. It makes sweet honey. It makes it in the trees in the swamp.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Not as sweet as other honey.


    No es tan dulce como otras mieles.

abung puupu uut

I. N

1. animal,insect grey honey bee
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Abung puupu yuut nupisba. Ngalaali pwatpa yuungi. Yirii ki kat aap su yuungi.
    The abung puupu bee is brown. It makes sweet honey. It makes it in the trees in the swamp.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
abung puupu uut
fire puupu bug
fuego

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Everybody knows this one. Sometimes described as big grey bee and sometimes as big grey and brown.

    Todos la conocen. Algunas veces es descrita como una gran abeja gris y algunas veces como ceniza y café.
  • Léxica:
    Can also be 'abung puupu' alone.

aitukpa pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish Weak fish, sea trout, kind of drummer fish (croake , [ESP] Corbina, tipo de tambor, (roncador)

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    Lives in rocky locations where algae grows and around shellfish locations such as oyster banks. You catch it with a hook with small shrimp for bait and with a gill net which you set near the shellfish bank. The best fishing for this
    is during dry weather in March and April when the water is salty. There are two ways to enjoy eating it, fried, and in soupy rundown with coconut milk and breadkind such as dasheen, cassava, and green bananas.

    Habita en lugares rocosos, donde crecen algas y en los concheros (Oyster Krawl). Se pesca con anzuelo, carnada de chacalines pequeños y trasmallo que s colocan cerca de los concheros. La mejor pesca es en verano, marzo y abril, cuando las aguas están saladas. Hay dos formas de saborearlo: frito y en rondón sopeado con leche de coco y bastimentos como malanga, yuca y guineos verdes.
  • Gramatical:
    Old Rama. The current name for this fish is 'raukrauk'.
  • Léxica:
    Perhaps old Rama. According to Pedro Macrea, “ai tukpa” also means “young corn,” which is soft, and the meat of this fish is soft.

    Tal vez Rama antiguo. Para Pedro Macrea “ai tukpa” tambien significa maíz tierno, que es suave y la carne de este pescado es suave.

alkaa uut

I. N

1. animal,insect sun ant

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
alkaa uut
sun bee
Sol abeja

almuk aing tuaa pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish old man fish, small creek , [ESP] Viejito

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A very small yellowish fish that resembles a masmas. Can be found in Alligator Creek.
    Un pez pequeno y amarillento que se parece al Pinto. Se encuentra en Alligator Creek.
  • Léxica:
    Can omit the possessive "aing" in such constructions, "almuk tuaa."
    Se puede omitir el posesivo "aing" en este tipo de construcciones, "almuk tuaa".

apsaut

I. N

1. animal,insect grass lice
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nuunik taim ki, apsaut ngustak ngaara yaakar. sut yuktingka ngustak, maap yaapulki maap su. Itungutka yalkiini sut tiisi.
    In the dry season, there are lots of lice outside. When you sit down outside, they climb up on you. When they get on your body itch you feel.
    En la época seca, hay muchos piojos. Cuando uno se sienta afuera se le suben. Cuando se te meten en el cuerpo se siente picazón.

arangarang

I. N

1. animal,mammal small monkey, squirrel, opossum; maybe sq. monkey
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Arangarang sulkup puksak bii nsula iipsi.
    "The ""scowbidudu"" shows us only two fingers."
    El "scowbidudu" solo nos enseña dos dedos.
  • Arangarang suuli tiiskiba. seem suk isii yaltangi. Kat aap su kuyak kiyaakari.
    The scoobidoodo is a small animal. It looks like a rat. It lives high in the tree.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It tells you how many years you have left to live, 1, 2, 3.... with its "fingers." It shows you its paw, so people burn it. It has a pretty face. If you bring it home, it disappears (NR). Another description (Paup) is that it is small, kind of like a squirrel, brown and white, with a short tail.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common in animal names.

ariis

I. N

2. animal,bird little parrot
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ariis sinup kraa.
    A little parrot that is a swampwood seed eater

auma

I. N

1. animal,mammal jaguar

2. human North American

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Salaik warknsutingi ying auma kulnga u Kolet.
    Together we work with this(North American) lady Colette.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Very rare to find these days, endangered animal. Many beliefs attached to it, main creature of Rama cosmology.
    Used for "gringos"!
  • Léxica:
    Often substitute Miskitu kruubu when talking about the animal, or even in the Adam stories, but not when talking about the Rama people or Cane Creek (Never Kruubu Rii). Not clear what their categorizations of the big cats are as they seem to cover three color variations of jaguar, plus pumas, plus ocelots, margays, and oncillas with the same terms, especially kruubu.

awa kiing

I. N

1. animal,hunting,reptile loggerhead turtle

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
awa kiing
turtle head
Tortuga

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Their least favorite sea turtle to catch because they don't like to eat it (tastes "rank"), and it has no commercial value. Neither do they eat the eggs, which are larger than those of the hawksbill and green turtle.

awa taara

I. N

1. animal,reptile leatherback turtle
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Awa taara untas ki tungutka, kaulinglut kui.
    When the drum turtle come up on the beach, people catch it.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
awa taara
turtle big
Tortuga

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Very rare today. Does not seem that they eat them. Kriols call it trum turtle.

baalas

I. N

1. animal,insect kaksimbear ant
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Baalas tataara parnga. Ma yarngutka, yastaiki suaataiki sutiisi.
    The kaksimbear (ant) is very big and black. When it bit you it over pain (it hurt).
    La hormiga (kaksimbear) es muy grande y negra. Cuando te muerde, duele todo.

bangkukuk

I. N

1. animal,bird large top-knotted hawk
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Bangkukuk pungkit u uruk su taara, barka siksik ikwsi seem.
    Chicken hawk is bigger than the hawk, but he eats chicken too.
    El gavilán pollero es más grande que el águila, pero también come gallinas.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Very large kind of hawk. Kills givenots and kiaki. Also likes to eat iguana, monkey, and califavor.
    In Rama Cay Creole, called 'big chicken hawk'. (For Walter, any top-knotted hawk.)

barakuut pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food barracuda , [ESP] barracuda , [KRI] barakuda , [RCK] barakuut

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Only sea fisherman catch this. They fish it around Booby Cay or Frenchman's Cay when the sea is smooth, for example, in September. They use a hook baited with sardines or anchovies, or catch it on a spoon hook. Not commonly seen for consumption in the homes, nor is it seen very often in the market in Bluefields. Some say it makes you sick at certain times of the year. (This is possibly due to ciguatera.)
    Solo los hombres que pescan algo lejos en el mar capturan barracuda. Se encuentra alrededor de Booby Cay y Frenchman’s Cay cuando el mar esta liso, como en el mes de septiembre. Se pesca con anzuelo y cebo de sardina o anchoa, o con un anzuelo “cuchara.” No se ve con frecuencia en las casas, ni de venta en el mercado. Algunos dicen que es malo comerlo en ciertos meses. (Posiblemente debido a la ciguatera.)
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from English "barracuda."
    Préstamo del inglés "barracuda".

biip

I. N

1. animal,food,mammal cow , [ESP] Vaca
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Biip kangali arii pluuma.
    The cow milk is white.
    La leche de vaca es blanca.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Most Rama people don't eat much of it and some won't eat it at all. They like cheese, though rarely eat it because it usually has to be bought. They would like to have milk for coffee, but that would have to be bought and transported without spoiling. Some are lactose-intolerant. However, owning cows has been seen for a number of years as a sign of economic success by a growing number. The Kukra River communities and Aguila as of 2008 have quite a few cows, which are also contributing to land erosion due to cutting and burning the jungle bush to make pastures. Some are also turning to pesticides and herbicides because otherwise it is hard to keep the brush low. The increasing number of free-roaming cows also cause problems by eating food items which people have planted near their houses (e.g., young bananas and household herbs), which then causes arguments. Beef, milk, cheese, coajada bring good money, though. Many still do not like to eat beef.
  • Gramatical:
    Loanword from English 'beef' ( through Miskitu?).

biip aing mumum

I. N

1. animal,insect cattle fly
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Mumum tataara. Nainguku biip aing mumum sut aungi. Aanamaa ma yarnguli.
    This fly is big. That's why we call it cattle fly. It bites you hard.
    Esta mosca es grande. Por eso es que la llamamos mosca del ganado. Pica duro.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
biip aing mumum
cow of fly
Vaca

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Probable neologism. Also called 'mumum tataara'.

biip nkiikna

I. N

1. animal,food,mammal bull , [ESP] Toro
Pictures/Imagenes:

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
biip nkiikna
cow male
Vaca

biip uuk

I. N

1. animal,body cowhide

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
biip uuk
cow skin
Vaca piel

bilam pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food sardine, minnow , [ESP] Sardina
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Bilam sii su bii aakar. sut kuu, sauk yusukiingakama.
    The sardine lives in the river. We catch it to fish with.
    La sardina vive en los ríos. Las agarramos para pescar con ellas.

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    If someone who is swimming in the river in the river has any cuts, the little fish will come around and pick at the infected parts.

    Si alguien que está nadando en el río tiene heridas, se le acercan los pececitos para morder las partes infectadas.
  • Etnográfica:
    Did not used to be eaten, but rather used for bait. Now that fish is hard to find for people up the river they eat them. There are many kinds of them. Often refers to different kinds of small fish in the creeks and rivers, not sardines. There are sea bilam and river bilam.

    No se acostumbraba comer, sino que se usaba como cebo. Ahora se come, sobre todo la gente de río arriba, porque es difícil encontrar peces. Hay muchos tipos. En general se refiere a diferentes tipos de peces pequeños en los criques y ríos. Hay bilam de mar (tauli aing bilam) y de río (siisu aing bilam). Algunas sardinas de río parecen “machaca pequeño” (4” – 6”), estos se fríen, y se comen completos, incluyendo las espinas.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu.
    Préstamo del Miskitu.

bilbliup

I. N

1. animal,shellfish a sea shellfish
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Bilbliup tiiskama kangsuk u ngaling aap ki yalparkakar.
    This clam is smaller than the congshell. It holds onto the rock.

2. animal,food,shellfish cockle , [ESP] Berberecho

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A smallish, roundish shellfish that sticks to rocks in the sea. No longer eat it, but used to boil it (to make it come out of the shell) and eat it. As of 2008 Rama Cay people are using bilblup as the Rama word for cockles.
  • Gramatical:
    Suffix of class marker '-up' for roundish objects.
  • Léxica:
    Often translated as "wilks."

biliik

I. N

1. animal,reptile unidentified lizard

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A lizard found in the bush.

biru

I. N

1. animal worm , [ESP] Gusano
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Biru psuk. sut yuuzuungi, sauk yusukiingakama. sii su yaakar ki taik su. sut pangi, sut aapulki tabing ki. sut aungi tuaa urnga.
    The biru is a worm. We use it to fish with. He stays in the river or the bank side. We dig it, we pick it in the calabash. We say it is tuba food.
    El “biru” es un gusano. Lo usamos para pescar. Se mantiene en los ríos o en los bancos de las orillas. Los escarbamos, los recogemos en los ayotes. Decimos que es la comida de la “tuba”.

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Also "biiru." Borrowing from Miskitu.

bleera

I. N

1. animal,mammal spider monkey , [ESP] Mono arana
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Bleera sulkup ikuaakar kauling isii.
    The monkey has fingers like a man.
    El mono tiene dedos como el hombre.
  • Bleera ituk kat aap ki imalki yalkungi.
    The monkey wraps his tail on the tree trunk and hangs down.
    El mono enrolla su cola en el tronco del árbol y se cuelga hacia abajo.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used as the generic name for 'monkey', and sometimes specifically for the spider monkey.

bleera saala

I. N

1. animal,mammal spider monkey

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Not hunted for food, as it looks like people, though some have tried it. Miskitu eat it. As of 2008 becoming very scarce. Noted in 2009 that up creek there is a small line of trees between a Rama plantation and a Mestizo potrero through which a troop passes, and that they have been observed eating corn, something which they had never previously been seen doing.

brumbrum

I. N

1. animal,frog big spring chicken toad

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    In the month of june, you can hear it sing "broom".
  • Gramatical:
    Onomatopeic word. Reduplication.
  • Léxica:
    There is no generic word for frogs or toads.

bubi

I. N

1. animal,bird booby

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A cay out in the ocean S (?) of Cane Creek which is a spot for turtle fishing. It's basically rock and boobies.

bukanshe pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food large sea catfish , [ESP] Bagre (de mar, grande)

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Some Rama eat catfish, and some don't; not generally a preferred fish.
    Algunos Rama lo comen y otros no. No es uno de sus peces favoritos.
  • Léxica:
    Different lexical items used varyingly for catfish, mudfish, freshwater eel.
    Al bagre se le conoce de varias formas, pez gato, pez lodo, anguila de agua dulce.
    See walaha, walah, uula, bagri.

butku

I. N

1. animal,bird sea pigeon (Kr)
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Butku aakwaala inganaak traatka, tauli aing butku.
    The pigeon is pretty when he flies, the sea pigeon.
    La paloma es bonita cuando vuela, la paloma marina
  • Butku tiiski aakitka, tiiskibalut kuii.
    When the pigeon is small, the children catch it.
    Cuando la paloma esta pichona, los niños la agarran.

buulam

I. N

1. animal,mammal big porpoise
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Buulam tauli taara su bii aakar.
    The big porpoise live only in the ocean.
    el gran marsopa solo vive en el oceano

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Young boys in Cane Creek used to go out in the sea close to shore and strike porpoises with harpoons to sharpen their skills and just for fun.

    En Cane Creek los jóvenes solían ir al mar, cerca de la costa, a arponear delfines para mejorar sus habilidades o simplemente por divertirse.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu: lam/wlam

    Prestado del Miskitu

dagaaska pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food mullet , [ESP] Lisa , [KRI] mulit, si mulit , [RCK] mulit

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    In the community of Rama Cay they catch them with cast nets between 6 and 8 in the evening when the school is looking for food. Rama Cay people fish for them
    almost year-around near the surrounding islands, which are about thirty minutes from the mainland, and at Hone Sound Bar. Since a market opened for stingrays (2006), they started using them for bait to catch rays.

    En la comunidad de Rama Cay los capturan con atarraya siempre lo hacen entre las seis y las ocho de la noche, cuando la colonia anda buscando presa. Casi todo el tiempo lo pescan en las islas cercanas a Rama Cay, treinta 30
    minutos en tierra firme, y en la barra de Hone Sound. Desde que se
    abrió el mercado para la raya (2006) esta se utiliza como carnada.
  • Etnográfica:
    There are several varieties of mullets, fresh, salt and brackish water fish, caught in nets and eaten or sold. Dagaska refers to the smaller mullet found at the bar mouth or in the lagoon. All mullet generally do not pick hooks. This one is caught in gill nets or cast nets (vs. saaling, which is also struck with a harpoon.) It is cooked "all kinds of ways."
    Hay varías especies. Son de agua dulce, salada y salobre, se cogen en redes para comer o vender.Dagaska se refiere a la mullet pequena que se encuentra en la boca de la barrao en la laguna. las mullet por lo general no pican el anzuelo. Esta se captura en los trasmallos y atarrayas. Se cocina de diferetnes maneras.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu. Also takaska.
    Préstamo del miskitu. También takaska.

daha pronunciación

I. N

1. test

1. Atlantic tripletail , [ESP] Mojarra , [KRI] sandfish , [RCK] sanfish

2. animal,fish,food unidentified

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Daha tauli su yaakar. Taimka yalngaangi. Kiiknadut sungka, ankangi waisku u.
    The sandfish lives in the sea. Sometimes he float. When the men see it, they strike it with a harpoon.
    La mojarra vive en el mar. A veces flota. Cuando los hombres la ven la golpean con arpón.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    They usually catch them at the beginning of the year when the water is very salty. They are very tasty.

    Se captura sobre todo al inicio del año o cuando las aguas están bien saladas. La carne es muy buena.
  • Etnográfica:
    A rather large sea fish; not a flat fish like flounder. Often harpooned rather than caught on line. Prized as a food fish.
    Pez de mar algo grande; no es un pez plano como los flotadores. También vive en la laguna y aguas salobre. Por tradición arponeado; raras veces pescado con anzuelo y cuerda de pescar. Últimamente (2008) se agarra con trasmallo. Es apreciado como buena comida.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu.
    Préstamo del miskitu

djupis pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish Goliath Grouper, AKA Jewfish , [ESP] Mero Goliat , [KRI] junfish/jufish , [RCK] junfish/jufish.
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Djupis salpka taara. Tauli taara su yaakituing. Taimka lakuun ki itraali. Kiiknalut sungka, ankangi waisku u. Ankaanu ki yuansiikka, anangskwi.
    The junefish is a big fish. He live in the ocean. Sometime walk in the lagoon. When the men see it they strike it with a harpoon. They bring it to their place and they clean it.
    El mero goliat es un pez grande. Vive en el océano y a veces llega a la lagna. Cuando los hombres lo ven lo cazan con arpón. Lo traen a su lugar y lo limpian.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Huge fish, in shallow ocean and brackish water. Can get up to 800 pounds. There is a creek on the beach going to Cane Creek which you have to cross called Devil Creek bwhere a huge jewfish supposedly lives, and you have to be careful, or he might grab you and eat you. An excellent food fish, it is now prohibited to catch in a number of countries due to steep decline in numbers and slow maturation as it lives 30 - 50 years.
    Pez grande de aguas poco profundas. Puede pesar hasta 800 libras. A veces se pesca con anzuelo. Hay un crique en la playa, que se tiene que cruzar yendo hacia Cane Creek, llamado el Crique del Diablo donde supuestamente vivía (por lo menos hasta el fin de los años 70) un mero enorme. Decían que había que tener cuidado porque podía agarrarte y comerte. Dicen que nada acostado, como si estuviera muerto. Los Ramas no lo comen fresco; lo ponen a secar, y luego lo pican y o cocinan lentamente con leche de coco o aceite, y, sí les gusta y los tienen, con cebolla y pimienta negra. En muchos países se considera un pescado de excelente carne, en muchos países es prohibido pescarlo debido a que su número ha disminuido bastante y que tiene una maduración lenta. Vive entre 30 y 50 años.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from Creole.
    Préstamo del Creole.
  • Léxica:
    See salpka kruk. In 2001 the common name was officially changed to Goliath Grouper.
    Ver salpka kruk. en el 2001 el nombre común fue cambiado oficialmente a Goliath Grouper ó Mero Goliat.

druuma pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food croaker fish , [ESP] Roncador
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Druuma salpka bii. sii su aakituing. Druuma pluuma. sut sauk kiingaka, sauk ikuii. sauk u sukuuka, suasarki uut ki. Uut ki sukaaka, ikauni `uur' `uur' ikauni.
    "The drummer fish is a fish too. He lives in the river. It's white. When we fish it, it takes the hook. When we catch it with a hook, we haul it in the dory. When we put it in the dory he say ""uurr uurr"" he say."
    El pez tambor también vive en el río. Cuando pescamos pica el anzuelo. Cuando lo agarramos con anzuelo, lo cargamos en el cayuco. Cuando lo ponemos en el cayuco hace "uurr uurr".

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    In dry weather they mostly live at the mouths of the rivers Tursuani, Dakuno, and Kukra; sometimes you find them at Hone Sound bar. You catch them in March and April with a #3 hook, using small shrimp and crabs for bait. In June and July you catch them with trasmallo, and they can weigh up to 30 or 40 pounds. Drummer is a highly popular market fish, and it is also consumed in the Rama Cay community in rundown made with fresh fish, or it is salted and dried some, and then run down.

    En el verano viven sobre todo en la boca de los ríos Tursuani, Dakuno, y en Kukra River; algunas veces se encuentran en la barra de Hone Sound. Se captura en marzo y abril con anzuelo #3, carnada de chacalines pequeños y jaiba. En junio y julio se captura con trasmallo, pesan hasta 30 a 40 libras. El roncador tiene mucho mercado, y en la comunidad de Rama Cay se consume en rondón, o salado en “salt fish rondon”.
  • Etnográfica:
    It depends on the speaker what is identified as "druuma," and what is identified as "raukrauk." Some say raukrauk is the freshwater druuma. Then just "druuma" is a common fish caught in the lagoon and sea to eat and to sell.

    Depende del hablante lo que se identifica como "druuma," o lo que se identifica como "raukrauk." Algunos dicen que raukrauk es el druuma de agua dulce. Así resulta que “druuma” es un pez común que se pesca en la laguna y el mar para comer y vender.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from English (drummer). See also 'raukrauk', rukruk, and 'aitukpa' for drummer fish.
    Préstamo del ingles (tambor).

duaalin pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,health big stingray , [ESP] Raya (grande)
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Duaalin taara. Ituk sumaa ikwaakar. Taimka salpka aakitka, salpka tangkit su yaalali.
    The big sting ray is big. It has a long tail Sometime when there is fish, he likes to play on their back.
    El pez raya grande es grande. Tiene una cola larga. Algunas veces, cuando hay peces, les gusta jugar en su espalda.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The Rama are regularly exposed to being struck by stingray barbs as there are both saltwater and freshwater varieties. Some are said to have even three or four bones (barbs, or spines) to strike you with, and some are said to be as large as a house and can haul you out to sea. There are various poultices to put on the wound if struck,for example, bitter cassava. Duaalin is not eaten. however, as of 2009, even stingrays were becoming scarce as an entrepreneur had started buying them for export a few years earlier, and the Ramas (both from Rama Cay and down the coast), along with others started heavily fishing them.
    Los Rama están regularmente expuestos a ser pinchados por las diferentes variedades de rayas, de agua dulce y salada. Algunas tienen hasta tres o cuatro aguijones. Otras dicen que son tan grandes como una casa y que te pueden arrastrar al mar. El pueblo Rama elabora varios tipos de cataplasmas para cubrir las heridas que hacen las rayas, por ejemplo, de yuca amarga. El Duaalin no se come. Sin embargo, a partir del 2009, hasta las rayas son escasas. Un empresario empezó a comprarlas para exportación hace unos pocos años, y desde entonces, empezaron a capturarlas en grandes cantidades.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from Miskitu.
    Préstamo del Miskitu.
  • Léxica:
    See "kiswa" (small stingray).
    Ver "kiswá" *raya pequena).

gaalu

I. N

1. animal,bird stork or large heron

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A large lagoon or marsh bird said to live in Turtle Bogue (Tortuguero) Costa Rica which comes to the Cane creek area once a year in dry weather.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from KR "garling."

guna

I. N

1. animal,fish,food a cichlid species , [ESP] Moga
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Guna salpka aa taara. salpka tiiskama barka parnga. February march tukan guna alngaangi. Tuut uup alptangka sii su ki, analtungwai. Kat tris tris analtungwai kuyak karka yalptangi.
    The moga is not a big fish. It is small but black. In February and March it float. When the fig seed drop in the river he eat it. They eat piece of stick that drop from high up.
    La moga no es un pez grande. Es pequeño y negro. En febrero y marzo flota. Se come las semillas de higo que caen en el río. Los palitos que caen al agua también se los come.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Little fresh water fish (perch size) caught to eat. It lives way up in the creeks and does not take a hook; it must be struck in the head with a very very long fish staff (8 - 12 ft.). Pedro Macrea is very good at it, maybe the only one left to do it, though as of 2008 no guna up in Cane Creek as the Spaniards have poisoned out all of the fish. Most Bluefields people don't know it.
    Pequeño pez de agua dulce (del tamaño de una perca) que se pesca para comer. Vive arriba en los criques y no pica anzuelo; debe de golpeársele la cabeza con un palo de pescar bien largo (un “sinnak,” 8- 12 pies). Pedro Macrea es muy bueno haciéndolo, uno de los pocos Rama que sabe como capturarlos. Desde el 2008 no hay guna, arriba en Cane Creek, porque los mestizos han envenenado la mayoría de los peces. La gente de Bluefields no lo conoce. En 2009 se dice que se logra encontrar, y se le puede pescar con anzuelo y cebo. Dicen que es así por que su comida es escasa.

gungu

I. N

1. animal,bird turkey
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Gungu kaas kwisubing seem ngalang. Kiibing tataara kiingkat nuuruk saala ikwaakar.
    The turkey meat we eat like the curassaw. Its long straight neck has a red wattle hanging.

ibung pronunciación

I. N

1. artef.,hunting gun

2. animal,fish,food a river fish, probably a sturgeon , [ESP] Gaspar

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used old 22 and took only a couple of bullets because they were too expensive; so had to be good shots.
    Cane Creek men thought nothing of hunting without guns, but most Rama Cay men would say they could not hunt unless they had a gun and dog.
    You can find the fish in Corn River. It looks like (favors) a crocodile in the mouth and the skin is thick like an armadillo. Some eat it, but it is rank (has a strong fish smell). The meat is white like shrimp.
  • Gramatical:
    'gun' can also be said 'siikubing' but 'ibung' is more frequent.
  • Léxica:
    "gaspar" in Spanish.

ipsa uuk

I. N

1. animal,body,reptile calipee

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Calipee is the yellow glutenous flesh next to the green sea turtle lower shell. It is an important ingredient in commercially produced turtle soup. they usually scrape it out, dry it and sell it in Bluefields.

isalii

I. N

1. animal,reptile kind of iguana

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Tonkeli lizard: a green lizard that can run across water on its hind legs. Also called "Jesus Christ lizard" for it. Green baselisk lizard (in Lehmann).

istamiik

I. N

1. animal,bird scaled pigeon
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Istamiik sii su bii yaakituing. Istamiik kaunka yaaksi `istamiik' `istamiik' yaaksi. Istamiik uup saala, yaap aakwaala, itaik saala.
    "The river pigeon lives only on the river. When the river pigeon calls, ""istamiik istamiik"" he sings. His eye is red, his body is pretty, his beak is red."
    La paloma de rio vive sola en el rio. Cuando las palomas llaman, “istamiik istamiik” ella canta. Su ojo es rojo, el cuerpo es bonito, su pico es rojo.

II. onom.

1.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are a number of different pigeons with differnt "cooing" voices. As of 2008 it seems that people find city pigeons which have made their way to the bush to be preferable, perhaps as something new, and are purposefully feeding and raising them. These birds fly free in many places, as do the semi-tamed parrots in Aguila and Cane Creek.
  • Léxica:
    Also "ixtamii."

kaakl

I. N

1. animal,food,shellfish cockle

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Women pick them in the lagoon. Used to make soup or to stew. Women also sell them in Bluefields.
    One soup recipe: rice cooked in waterto "burst," cockles steamed and picked from their shells, sweet red peppers ('alkiini'), basil leaves or culantro, and hard coco (quiquisque), onion and/or black pepper if you have them. Consumed mostly on Rama Cay because it is a lagoon shellfish. Also added to rice steamed in coconut milk.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from English (cockle)

kaakrus

I. N

1. animal,insect cockroach
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kaakrus nguu psutki aakar. Yaadar sukaaka, psutki yalptangi. Aamliika imaali tahtah tingka.
    The cockroach lives in the house. When we put something down, it gets in it. It smells bad when we mash it.
    La cucaracha vive en la casa. Cuando bajamos algo, se mete adentro. Huele mal cuando la aplastamos.

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Borowing from English (cockcroach).

kaaku

I. N

1. animal,bird pelican
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kaaku nganaak traali. Bilam isungka, sii ki bayalptangsu, bilam ikwii. Itkwu ikuleeruk taara aingu. Nainguku itkwi.
    The pelican flies high up. When he sees a sardine he drops down the water and catches it. It swallows it because his throat big. That's why he swallows it.
    El pelicano vuelta alto. Cuando ve sardinas se lanza al agua para agarrarla. Se la traga porque tiene una garganta grande. Por eso se la puede tragar.
  • kaaku aakwals sungi sii ki alngaangkama
    The pelican likes to float on the water.

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Can be pronounced with final -k.

kaalkup

I. N

1. animal,body claw
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Siksik ikaalkup u yalplangi. Yurnga bayalpi.
    The chicken scratches with his claw. He is looking for food.
    La gallina rasca con sus garras. Busca comida.

2. body toe

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nkaat alngaringsu, nkalkup kuptingu.
    My foot got hit and so my toe swelled up.
    Mi pie se golpeo y se me inflamó.

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The long vowel 'aa' can be shortened. Most probably a compound word, with 'kaal' as a variant of 'kaat' (leg/foot).

kaarang

I. N

1. animal,food,shellfish edible sea crab species
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Karang tauli aik karka tauki siita uruk su ipangi inguri uungi naingi yaat ikai.
    The raati crab comes out from the sea. On the oyster bank he makes his hole. There he put his eggs.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A kind of sea crab. Preferred for eating to swamp crab. Its Kriol name of 'raati' crab comes from Miskitu (rati or rahti).
    Not commercially fished by the Rama, and seen as by-catch if incidentally caught, e.g., in a shrimp net.
  • Gramatical:
    Has variant form 'rati'
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu, rati/rahti

kaaras

I. N

1. animal,reptile caiman

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    A kind of caiman or aligator.

kaatplaat

I. N

1. animal,reptile river hikiti turtle

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    another kind of river hikiti. Has a flat back.

kaat uuknga

I. N

1. artef.,clothes shoes

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kaat uuknga
foot container

kabiis

I. N

1. animal,fishing,food,shellfish shrimp
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Either generic for shrimp or for a certain kind of shrimp depending on the speaker. There are different varieties of shrimp in the area at different times. The smaller shrimp, "chacalin," are caught mostly in the lagoon (i.e., not in the sea) in cast nets, during the dry weather months (March - May) when the lagoon is saltier. The larger ones are caught in the sea (but not far out) in August-September, moreso in front of Aguila since it is on the sea. These are usually mixed in with the "seabob," which are small shrimp which are usually dried before being sold in Bluefields, or put up sold and consumed fresh. Chacalin and the big sea shrimps are sold fresh in Bluefields. Seabob are usually dried first. No fancy recipes, no ceviche. Dried ones are often put up in the house for when there is no other meat or fish to eat, or even beans, i.e., bad weather times. They are cooked by adding them to rice cooked in coconut milk, as usual, with black pepper, onion, a gourd pepper if available. Making and casting nets in order to catch shrimps to sell began in the seventies. There are also several species of crayfish of varying sizes which are caught, consumed, and/or used for fishing bait. These are fresh/brackish water dwellers which are washed down into the lagoon during the rainy season.

kabiis parnga

I. N

1. animal,fishing,shellfish large crayfish

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This refers to the "long-hands" river lobster, formerly only used for auto consumption, but as of 2008 also sold in Bluefields, 2009 price about $30/lb. Caught by hand under rocks, and in pots about two feet long made from papta baited with coconut.
  • Léxica:
    See kabiis taara, kabiis tataara.

kabiis taara

I. N

1. animal,food,shellfish big sea shrimp, large crayfish
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kabiis taara sii su ka. Kabiis yaap parnga. Sii su kuyanik aakituing.
    The big shrimp is from the creek. Its body is black. It lives way up the creek.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Depending on the speaker, this can refer to either the long-clawed river crayfish, or to the big white shrimp which are caught in the sea in August-September in cast nets. The former is washed out into the lagoon during the rainy season. It is usually caught by hand under rocks, or jabbed with a short staff with a metal blade fashioned by hand ("chuusu," in RCC), or previously with a bow and arrow. Also trapped in pots about two feet long made of papta and baited with coconut. 2009 Bluefields price about 30 cordobas/lb. (3 large ones/lb.) The big commercial sea shrimps are not usually eaten, but are sold in Bluefields.

kabiis tataara

I. N

1. animal,food,shellfish large shrimp or crayfish
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Maamu lakuun su traali, sii su traali, tauli skaik traali. Kabiis tataara bayalpi traali, ikwiskama.
    The river otter (water dog) walks in the lagoon, in the river and on the iceab beach side . It looks for black shrimps to eat.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kabiis tataara
shrimp very big

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Depending on the speaker, this can refer to either the long-clawed river crayfish, or to the big white shrimp which are caught in the sea in August-September in cast nets. The former is washed out into the lagoon during the rainy season. It is usually caught by hand under rocks, or jabbed with a short staff with a metal blade fashioned by hand ("chuusu," in RCC), or previously with bow and arrow. The former is washed out into the lagoon during the rainy season. It is usually caught by hand under rocks, or jabbed with a short staff with a metal blade fashioned by hand ("chuusu," in RCC), or previously with a bow and arrow. Also trapped in pots about two feet long made of papta and baited with coconut. 2009 Bluefields price about 30 cordobas/lb. (3 large ones/lb.) The big commercial sea shrimps are not usually eaten, but are sold in Bluefields. For auto-consumption and sold in Bluefields. 2009 price 30 cordobas/lb. (3 large ones/lb.) The big white shrimp are usually not consumed, but are sold in Bluefields.

kabiis tiiskiba

I. N

1. animal,fishing,food,shellfish seabob

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Small hard-head shrimp known as seabob which are caught Aug.- Sept. with the big wite sea shrimps among them. Must be boiled and dried for sale, which can be a problem if it rains and there is no good way to dry them. Also put up to eat cooked with rice and coconut when there is no other meat or fish.

kabiis tuuru

I. N

1. animal,fishing,food,shellfish crayfish
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Saura nanaak traali, yalptangi lakuun skaik, tiisanga ki itraali. Kabiis tuuru bayalpi traali. Ikat suma aingu.
    This heron (garling) flies about, drops down the edge of the lagoon, and walks on the shore. It looks for little shrimps. It has a long leg, that's why.
    Esta garza vuela alrededor, desciende a la orilla de la laguna y camina en la playa. Busca camarones pequeños, chacalines. Por eso tiene patas largas.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kabiis tuuru
shrimp ?

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The small crayfish caught in the creeks, and in the rainy season, around the lagoon edge in mangroves. Both eaten (usually in rondon, though children also roast them) and used for fishing bait.

kais

I. N

1. animal,insect tick
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kais suulaik bii aakar. suulaik mtraatka, kais ma aaplukatkulu. Yalkiini ma tiisi.
    The ticks live only in the bush. When you walk in the bush, the ticks bite you all over. You feel it itch.
    La garrapata solo vive en el monte. Cuando uno camina en el monte, las garrapatas te muerden por todas partes. Se siente picazón.

Pictures/Imagenes:

kalkwiskwis

I. N

1. animal,bird A little bird that walks on top of the lilies

kalua pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food small snook species , [ESP] Róbalo (pequeño)
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kalua kaanu taaki aakar. Tauli su yaakar, lakuun su yaakar, sii su yaakar. sauk kiingaka sukwii.
    The small snook lives all about. He lives in the ocean, he lives in the lagoon, he lives in the river. When we fish it, we eat it.
    Vive en todas partes. El róbalo pequeño vive en la laguana, en el río. Cuando lo pescamos, lo comemos.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Resembles the large snook, but smaller and rounder. Lagoon fish very common for eating fried or stewed; spoils quickly. Is also sold. As of 2009, noted that some fish being caught at creek mouths and identified as "kalua" are actually young specimens of the larger snook species.
    Parece un róbalo pero mas pequeño y más redondeado. Algunos dicen que existen varios tipos. Pez lagunero muy común para comer frito o guisado; se daña rápido.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from Miskitu.
    Préstamo del Miskitu.

kamsik

I. N

1. animal,insect blinky worms (Kr)

.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It is half worm and half fly. It crawls like a worm and if flies. The belly lights up.

kangali pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,body,human breast , [ESP] pecho
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kwerku tiiskiba sui kangali yairung aap ki.
    The baby pig sucks on its mama tit
    El cerdito chupa la teta de su mama.

kangali ngalaa uut

I. N

1. animal,insect sour honey bee , [ESP] Miel amarga
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kalngalauut, ngalaali uut supkaaba, kangali ngalaa uut.
    sour honey bee

kangsuk

I. N

2. animal,shellfish conch

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    In olden days, they used to use conch to call people.

kaniik

I. N

1. animal,fish shark , [ESP] Tiburón
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kanik suknguang traali tauli skaik.
    The small shark walks at the edge of the ocean.
    El tiburón pequeño camina en la orilla del mar.
  • Uut ki aakustanik kaniik ma kwsuting.
    To be in a dory is dangerous. The shark might eat you.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There used to be a lot of sharks around Cane Creek but the Japanese came and caught huge numbers of them, cutting off the fins and throwing the bodies back into the water. Sharks are a concern even up in the creeks such as Tursuani.
    They used to use shark teeth as arrow tips (see 'kartuk kaniik siikwa').
    As of 2008, additional commercial fishing of sharks and sawfish, especially for the fins for export, had further reduced their numbers (and the size of those caught, as could be determined by the size of the fins seen drying in Bluefields)) so that they were no longer as serious a concern for seagoing dories as before.
    Solía haber muchos tiburones cerca de Cane Creek pero llegaron los japoneses y los capturaron en gran cantidad, les cortaban las aletas y tiraban los cuerpos de vuelta al agua. Los tiburones son una preocupación, aun en los criques de arriba como Tursuani. Se acostumbraba utilizar los dientes de tiburón para hacer puntas de flecha ('kartuk kaniik siikwa'). Desde el 2008, la presencia de otros pescadores comerciantes de aleta de tiburón y pez sierra han reducido aún más su número (y el tamaño de lo que capturan, como puede determinarse por el tamaño de las aletas que pueden verse secando en Bluefields), los tiburones ya no son un problema serio, como antes, para los marineros yendo en cayucos al mar.

kaniik saala pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish Hammerhead shark

kaniik siksiknga pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish Tiger Shark

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Tiger sharks were previously seen and feared, and there was oe that hung around Monkey Point Harbor for years, but was most likely caught as part of the ongoing decimation for commercial purposes, mostly for the fins.
    Al menos hasta los años ochenta había un tiburón grande cerca de Monkey Point. Los tiburones tigres pueden ser enormes, 16-18 pies de largo, y son siempre una preocupación para la gente remando en cayucos, especialmente en el mar. En 2008 dijeron que ya no existia el peligro que antes. Se dice que el tiburón tigre persigue a los cayucos.
  • Léxica:
    See also "kaniik taara." This literally means big shark, which can refer to any large shark, of which the tiger shark is proabaly the biggest in the area. Some prefer to denote the tiger shark by its "speckles."
    Algunos hablantes llaman “kaniik taara” al tiburón tigre. Es el tiburón más grande de la región, pero algunos hablantes prefieren decir “siksiknga” por las manchitas que este tiburón tigre lleva en su cuerpo, y dicen que “kaniik taara” puede referirse a cualquier tiburón grande.

kaniik taara pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish tiger shark
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kaulingdut altawai kanik taara ansungka. Muu yaasaulingi anaungi.
    People are afraid when they see the big shark. It fights with you they say.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kaniik taara
shark big
Tiburón

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There was a big one living around Monkey Point until at least some time in the 80s. Tiger sharks can be enormous, 16-18 feet long, and are always a concern for people paddling in dories, especially in the sea. However, as of 2008, heavy commercial fishing targeting sharks and sawfish for their fins (for export) has decimated their numbers.
    Al menos hasta los años ochenta había un tiburón grande cerca de Monkey Point. Los tiburones tigres pueden ser enormes, 16-18 pies de largo, y son siempre una preocupación para la gente remando en cayucos, especialmente en el mar, aunque desde el 2008 se reconoce que este peligro ha disminuido grandemente. Sin embargo, la pesca comercial excesiva enfocada en las aletas de tiburones y pez sierra (para exportación) ha diezmado su número.

kaniinis

I. N

2. animal,reptile white-lipped mud turtle
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kaniinis kauling aa kwsi. Aamliika imaali. Wakling bii kwsi.
    People don't eat shankwa turtle. It smells bad. Only the white face monkey eats it.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They don't eat this kind of turtle but the Miskitu do.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu

kapuupu

I. N

1. animal,frog Cane Toad
Pictures/Imagenes:

karangkang

I. N

1. animal,insect blanket lice

5381.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Called 'chings' in Kriol

karkuut

I. N

1. animal,bird grass bird

kaskas

I. N

1. animal,reptile house lizard

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used as a generic for small harmless house lizard, dark brown or black; most likely a gecko.
  • Léxica:
    To be differentiated from poisonous 'ngaliis kwiiksa, kraana (various classes), and gelliwaz.

kaskas parnga

I. ?

1. animal,reptile

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kaskas parnga
house lizard black

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Harmless house lizard. As of 2008, noted by many that the dark one is becoming scarce, especially in Bluefields, and has largely been replaced by a white one (probably Hemidactylus frenatus) which is reported to eat the slightly smaller black one.
  • Léxica:
    A kind of house lizard

kaskas pluuma

I. N

1. animal,reptile white lizard

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kaskas pluuma
house lizard white

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Most likely the white gecko which as of 2008 was increasingly reported to have mostly replaced the dark brown or black house lizard, especially in Bluefields, but also in most houses in the bush. Harmless to people.
  • Léxica:
    To be distinguished from ngaliis kwipsa, kraana, gelliwaz. See kaskas, kaskas parnga

kauling aing kuung

I. N

1. animal,health,insect people lice , [ESP] Piojo
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kauling aing kuung sukwaakitka, taimka angka yalamskwi. Yupsi mliikaba spaayaka yalamskwi, barka ning taim suaataiki kuung aing yupsi, angka supaayai.
    People lice when we get it sometimes it can't go away. When we buy sweet grease then it goes away, but now it is too expensive, the grease for lice, we can't buy it.
    Cuando la gente tiene piojos a veces no se los puede quitar. Cuando tenemos con que compramos grasa dulce (vaselina?), pero ahora es muy cara, no la podemos comprar.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kauling aing kuung
person of lice

kaun

I. V

1. human,locution call
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sumu kaulingdut 'Wahai' nsut yaa kauni.
    "We call the Sumu people ""Wahai""."

2. animal,locution cry out

3. animal,locution holler

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    In the sense (holler, cry out), 'kaun' is used for the sound that any animal makes (bird, fish, tiger...).

kauru pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,frog toad (Kr)

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    A frog or a toad? (Though in Kriol they're all "toad," and unknown if Rama always distinguish between bumpy vs. smooth skin for classifying them.

kiibanga

I. N

1. animal,reptile a type of lizard

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Same as 'suleeru' lizard.

kimakas

I. N

1. animal,reptile oyster shell snake

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Lives high up in trees ; the body is speckled pale black. It bites and is poisonous.
  • Gramatical:
    other variants: 'kimkas' in Rama and 'king makas' for Rama Cay variant.

kirki

I. N

1. animal,mammal armadillo

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Also called jacket man in Kriol. Its oil (from cooked fat armadillo) is used to treat asthma.

kisangkisang

I. N

1. animal,reptile small lizard

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a small lizard that changes color from brown to green.

kiskark

I. N

1. animal,bird kingfisher

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are different kinds. They live along creeks and rivers.

kiskurung

I. N

1. animal,bird woodpecker

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Two local variations for this word : 'kiskurung' and 'kuskurung'.

kiskut pronunciación

I. ?

1. animal,fish,food a cichlid species

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The smallest fish classified as a kind of tuba. A lagoon, river and creek fish caught and usually cooked in rundown.

kiskut pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food Cichlid spp

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are several classes of "tuba," generally and traditionally the most preferred food fish of the Rama. This is identified as the “speckled one.”
    Hay varias clases de “tuba.” Generalmente y tradicionalmente es el pez preferido por el pueblo Rama para comer. Este tipo de “tuba” se reconoce por sus manchitas.
  • Léxica:
    See "tuaa."
    Ver "tuaa".

kismurk

I. N

1. animal,bird small black bird uidentified

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Oriole-sized black bird in the bush near creeks and streams

kiswa pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,health stingray , [ESP] Raya
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kiswa tiiskama duaalin u, barka kwaala. Taimka aa sut sungi, sii ki suaatkali, sut kalniki su sula ngulsyuungi.
    The stingray is smaller than the big stingray but it is bad. Sometimes we no see it, we jump in the water, we stand up on it and he strike/bore we.
    Es una raya mas pequeña pero es mala. A veces no la vemos, cuando saltamos al agua nos paramos en ella y nos aguijonea.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The Rama are regularly exposed to being struck by stingray barbs as there are both freshwater and saltwater varieties, and they are most likely to be encountered while loading/unloading a dory, leaving/coming ashore, picking oysters or carckle, or by children looking for the big clawed lagoon shrimps under rocks, or just playing near the shore. This is particularly worrisome for the oyster and carckle pickers during times when the water is deeper and they can't see well and have to "dive" to pick them. Before the hurricane there were lots of stingrays at the mouth of Cane Creek, especially in the evening as they were said to come to sleep there. The hurricane, however, caused the beach and previously large creek mouth to wash away.
    It is said that if even a small stingray strikes you in the guts, your guts pop and you die. The Rama make various poultices to put on the wound if struck, for example, bitter cassava. Kiswa is not eaten. As of 2009, however, even stingrays were said to be relatively scarce, as an entrepreneur had started buying stingrays for export a few years earlier, and the Ramas (both from Rama Cay and down the coast) along with others heavily fished it.
    Los Ramas están expuestos al aguijoneo de las rayas, hay variedades de agua dulce y salada. Es posible encontrarlas al cargar o descargar el cayuco; al llegar o salir a la playa, recogiendo almejas, o por los niños-as buscando langostinos bajo las rocas, o jugando cerca de la playa. Esto es preocupante para los recolectores de ostiones y berberechos durante los días cuando el agua es profunda y no pueden ver bien y tienen que “bucear” para recogerlas. Hay muchas rayas en la boca de Cane Creek, especialmente en la tarde porque dicen que llegan a dormir allí. Se dice que sí una raya, aunque sea pequeña, te aguijonea en el abdomen, se inflama y te mueres. El pueblo Rama elabora varios tipos de cataplasmas para cubrir las heridas que hacen las rayas, por ejemplo, de yuca amarga. El Kiswa no se come. Sin embargo, a partir del 2009, hasta las rayas son escasas. Un empresario empezó a comprarlas para exportación hace unos pocos años (2006), y desde entonces, empezaron a capturarlas en grandes cantidades.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from Miskitu.
    Préstamo el Miskitu.
  • Léxica:
    See "duaalin" big stingray.
    Ver Manta raya.

kitungka

I. N

1. animal,bird kiskadee

kokriko

I. N

1. animal,bird,food chachalaca

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Gamebird smaller than kwaam, (crested guan). Eaten in soup or roasted.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed or onomatopoetic. See waisukwaisuk.

kormarik

I. N

1. animal,bird trogon
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Also known as rama tut tut. There are two kinds, saala and nguknguknga, red breast and yellow breast. Until recently (2008) they were common in the creeks and rivers. Tend to sit rather low and for a long time in trees, especially fruit trees, eve when people come up close, which makes them exceptionally vulnerable to being killed for sport, especially by young boys with slingshots.
  • Léxica:
    Also kurmaarik, kurmaraik.

kraana

I. N

1. animal,hunting,reptile lizard/baselisk

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Some of these lizards you eat and others you don't. (WO) For some of today's speakers(e.g., NM), kraana, isalii, and tongkeli all refer to the same lizard, the green and brown baselisks, which resemble small iguanas, and can run across the water, hence the name "Jesus Christ lizard." Some Ramas eat them. They are hunted and killed with slingshot or bow and arrow (still yet in 2009, at least in Sumuu Kat). They are generally cooked by softening the meat and cutting it up with the bones and putting it in the pot with the rice, or by first picking off the meat before adding it. There isn't a lot of meat, so it's more to flavor the rice than anything else. The head is roasted for the dog.
  • Gramatical:
    This word was said emphatically to be pronounced with a falling tone on the long aa by the old Rama (Nelly McCrea).
  • Léxica:
    For many Rama today, a generic name for a number of bright green iguana-like lizards. They include young iguanas that are green (like young 'saliuk' and young 'spaapa').

kraana ngarngaringba

I. N

1. animal,food,hunting,reptile green baselisk

Composicion:

expression

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Green baselisk, as contrasted with the brown baselisk. Some people hunt them and eat them.

krais

I. N

1. animal,shellfish crab, land crab, sea crab
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Krais tkii ipangi nguri yungi psutki tauki naingi yaakiri.
    The crab digs the earth. It makes hole, gets in the hole, that's where it stays.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    For most, a smallish variety of land crab which digs holes in the dirt. Not eaten.
  • Léxica:
    Also "karais." For some, generic for a number of crabs still differentiated by many. See also 'karang', 'takayak' and 'wairu,' soodya, suulup kabungkabung, untas aing krais.

krais aap biibing

I. N

1. animal naked crab
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Krais aap biibing ikwiima uuk arisba yaapika itauki.
    The naked crab, when he finds the next partner shell he gets into it.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A crab that has recently shed (molted) its shell. A soft shell crab then.
  • Léxica:
    See also 'krais siktakba' and 'soodya.'

krais ngarngaringba

I. N

1. animal,food,shellfish blue crab
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Krais ngringringma, krais pluuma, krais saala, krais pangsak, seem isabii anaakri. Sut kuuka, sut kwsi.
    The blue crab, the white crab, the red crab, these three crabs are the same kind. When we catch them we eat them.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
krais ngarngaringma
crab, land crab, sea crab

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This crab makes holes in the dirt.

krais pluuma

I. N

1. animal,shellfish white crab

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
krais pluuma
crab, land crab, sea crab white

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This crab lives in swamps.

krais saala

I. N

1. animal,shellfish red crab

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
krais saala
crab, land crab, sea crab red

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This crab lives on sea islands.

krais siktakba

I. N

1. animal,shellfish hermit crab

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
krais siktakba
crab, land crab, sea crab naked

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    See also 'krais aap biibing' and 'soodya.'

kraungi pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food jack , [ESP] Jurel
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kraungi tataara aakar paitkriima aakar. Kraungi alngaangka, duaalin aalali tangaik.
    The jackfish there are big ones and small ones. When the jackfish float, the stingray play on its back.

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    If you dream of him (the jack), he makes you get up from your bed and walk around as if you have seen someone to talk with. He also makes you fall out of your bed. The Ramas say that when the water is fresh, you shouldn’t catch jack, because if you do, the water will quickly turn salty. Jack is caught and sold both in Bluefields and on Rama Cay. If you catch small ones, you give them to people for free. You can dry jack by putting large pieces of it on sticks over a low fire, and then you can sell it as smoked jack. You eat it with cassava or dasheen.

    Si sueñas con él te hace levantarte de la cama y caminar alrededor como si has visto alguien con quien hablar. También te hace caer de la cama. Dicen los Ramas que cuando el agua está dulce no se deben capturar porque el agua pronto se convierte en agua salada. Se pesca y vende en el mercado o entre la misma comunidad; si es pequeño, se regala. Se seca a baja temperatura sobre el fuego, se ahuma apoyado en dos palitos y se vende como carne de kruangi ahumada. Se come con yuca cocida o malanga.
  • Etnográfica:
    Usually an ocean fish; sometimes in the lagoon. there are a number of different species of jack. For the big "true jack," "krauni," many people don't eat the head because they say it makes you crazy (like you will dream anything, such as about the seven-headed man (?).
    Pez marino pero algunas veces también se encuentra en la laguna. Hay varias especies de Jurel. Del grande, “el verdadero jurel,” mucha gente no come la cabeza porque dicen que enloquece (como soñar con el hombre de siete cabezas o el hombre sin cabeza).
  • Léxica:
    Also krauni. Miskitu kraui.
    También krauni. Miskitu kraui.

kreen

I. N

1. animal,bird crane
Pictures/Imagenes:

krikam

I. N

1. animal,bird seagull, tern
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Krikam sinsak pluuma. Isiik taik saala. Kabiis ikwsi. Uut tangaik inganaaki.
    The seagull is a white bird. The side of his bill is red. He eats shrimps. He follows the boat.
    La gaviota es un ave blanca. Los lados del pico son rojos. Come camarones. Sigue a los barcos.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Any of a number of gulls and terns that can be seen swooping down over the lagoon or sea to snatch shrimps and small fish.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from Miskitu.

kruubu

I. N

1. animal,mammal jaguar
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kruubu siik tataara kunkunbi kuaakari, yungarngutkama.
    The tiger has four big teeth to bite with.
    El tigre cuatro colmillos (dientes) grandes para morder con ellos.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Difficult to tell which cat is being referred to at times: jaguar, ocelot, puma, margay, or others. Not known how much they are recognized as different species, how much is due to use of kruubu vs. Rama auma, and how much is influenced by Rama stories. All the big cats central to their collective history and identity. Previously much more of a physical danger than now due to overhunting and habitat destruction. Previously a greater source of income (hides).
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu. See auma.

kruubu nuknuknga

I. N

1. animal,mammal mountain lion
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kruubu nuknuknga yaap aakuaala. Tausung isungka imalngi.
    The mountain lion, his body is pretty . When he sees a dog he kills it.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kruubu nuknuknga
jaguar yellow

kruubu parnga

I. N

1. animal,mammal black jaguar
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kruubu parnga kuleeruk pluuma. Pas taim yupyuwa kruubu uuk anaap ki sukai. Suulaik yuitraali kruubu isii yaltanangi. Kruubu aingwa aa angwai niis kauling.
    Black tiger with white throat. Old time people put on this tiger skin on their body. They walk in the bush with it. They look like a tiger. The real tiger never know that he is people.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kruubu parnga
jaguar black

kruubu saala

I. N

1. animal,mammal redish jaguar

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kruubu saala
jaguar red

kruubu siksiknga

I. N

1. animal,mammal speckled jaguar
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kruubu siksiknga imaaruk puksakba, nuknuknga an parnga.
    The speckled tiger, he is two colored, yellow and black.
    El gato montés es moteado, es de dos colores, amarillo y negro.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kruubu siksiknga
jaguar speckled

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They distinguish jaguars bv color of their hide. This is the standard speckled pattern.
  • Léxica:
    "Kruubu" is borrowed from Miskito, and can refer to several different wild cats, adding color or size adjectives to differentiate them, or the word "aingwa" to indicate the big speckled jaguar. ("aingwa" is used to denote the genuine big one, "the real one" of a category. The original Rama word is probably "auma."

kubiauk

I. N

1. animal,bird common pauraque

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This bird can be seen and heard flying around low in the night, landing on the ground. Like many birds, its name is onomatopoetic. Unlike some birds, especially some of the night fliers, this is not generally seen as a bad omen.
  • Léxica:
    Onomatopoeia

kukaali pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food califavor , [ESP] Lisa
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kukaali traatka, sii ki karka itabii, suitkri.
    When the galleyfever walk/go/jump, he come out of the water, he jump on it.
    Cuando el califavor viene, sale del agua y salta en ella.

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    This is a very difficult fish to catch, and you can never catch very many. You have to wait for the right moment to catch them. It is not good for women with small children to eat kukaali because the children will get sick and could die.

    Es un pez que es muy difícil de capturar y nunca se logra capturar muchos. Se tiene que esperar el momento para capturarlo. No es bueno que las mujeres con niños pequeños lo coman, se enferman y pueden morir.
  • Etnográfica:
    Commonly eaten fairly large fish (up to 20, 25 pounds). Lives in the sea, lagoon, and part way up the river. It has big roe, a delicacy which is fried, or put in a waha leaf and set in the pot of rondon. Very rank, i.e., strong-smelling, and oily fish. Usually not stewed in coconut milk; you just roast it, or, you might salt it and dry it over the fire, and then run it down (i.e., stew it). You catch it in August in a net or you strike it.
    There is a belief that it is not good to eat when you have a fever, because they jump too high and make the fever go higher.
    Pez bastante grande de laguna y agua salada que se come comúnmente. Huele muy fuerte a aceite de pescado. Generalmente no se cocina en leche de coco; se pone a secar sobre el fuego y luego se hace rondón (guisado). Tiene bastantes huevas, una delicadeza, fritas, o cocidas envueltas en hoja de waha (bijagua) dentro del rondón. Se captura en octubre con trasmallo o con anzuelo. Antes lo pescaban con arpón (“waisku”). Brinca bastante mientras nada. Existe la creencia de que no hay que comerlo cuando se tiene fiebre, porque como salta muy alto hace subir la temperatura. Tampoco se recomienda que lo coman las mujeres con bebes.
  • Léxica:
    KR and RCC are not the same.
    KR y RCC no son lo mismo.

kukatwa

I. ADJ

1. animal,body with wings

Composicion:

derivation
Morfemas
kukat -wa
wing, the two front ventral fins on fish

kukupba

I. N

1. animal,bird unidentified swamp bird

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A night bird smaller than uhki in the swamp. Hollers "kuup, kuup." Probably a small bittern.

kukupba

I. N

1. animal,bird small unidentified hawk

kulak

I. N

1. animal,bird small little yellow-tail (Kr), i.e., tut

kulii

I. N

1. animal,food,mammal paca, KR givenot

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A highly prized meat which is hunted and usually eaten roasted. Often hunted by torching along the creekside at night: to torch you paddle upstream, and then drift down after the moon rises, hoping to spot and kill game that have come down to the waterside. (People originally made torches from long grasses palms, etc., then moved on to tying flashlights to the side of their heads, but now increasingly have headlamps.)

kulkulu

I. N

1. animal,insect red ant , [ESP] Hormiga roja

II.

47970.
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kulkulu paapu bii barka saala.
    The kulkulu is an ant too but it is red.
    La kulkulu también es una hormiga pero es roja.

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication? common in animal names.

kumaa pronunciación

I. ADJ

1. animal,plant female
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngaukngauk parnga ikaat ngaarak ikuaakar. Ikaat aabak kuaakar. Ngaukngauk nuknuknga kumaa.
    The black spider has many feet. He has hairy feet. The yellow one is a she - spider.
    La araña negra tiene muchas patas. Tiene patas peludas. Las amarillas son arañas hembras.

Pictures/Imagenes:

II. N

2. human woman
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kumaa kalma sukuinglut.
    women wash clothes

Pictures/Imagenes:

2. family,human wife

kungkung

I. N

1. animal,bird,food crested guan

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A chickenish size brown bird, its meat is prized. Used to be hunted with bows and arrows, now hunted with guns. As of 2008 scarce. They make kwam coconut-based soup, eaten with breadkind.
    One of two birds (the other being curassow, "ngalaang") whose feathered wings were used as fire fans when more abundant.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication.

kungkungbukit

I. N

1. animal,bird grey-necked wood-rail

II. onom.

1.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A fun bird to hear when you're paddling in the dory; he sings "kungkungbukit bukit!"
  • Léxica:
    Also "ukutingkuting."

kungkung uut

I. N

1. animal,insect termite
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kungkung uut nguu salkuki kutkabisang.
    We hear that the wood lice nest is a round one.
    Nosotros oímos que el nido del piojo de la madera (termita) es redondo.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kungkung uut
crested guan bug

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Traditionally you burn wood lice nests in your house after a person has died in order to get rid of the scent of death, particularly a death by snake bite. This protects the children from the spirit of the dead person. May also be burned in general to help keep bugs out of the house with the smoke, often burned together with iibo shells for this purpose

kungkung uut pluuma

I. N

1. animal,insect white wood lice , [ESP] Termita, hormiga blanca
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kungkung uut pluuma siksik angka kwsi. Imalngi, ikuleeruk ki yaa yarnguli. Kat psutki bii yaakiri, kat ikwisatkulu.
    The white wood lice, the chicks can't eat it. He kill it, he bite it in the throat. It live only in the wood, eat up all the wood.
    Al piojo blanco de la madera no se lo comen las gallinas, les muerde la garganta. Solo vive en la madera, se come toda la madera.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kungkung uut pluuma
crested guan bug white

kungsungup

I. N

1. artef.,body comb

Composicion:

derivation

1. animal,body crest

Composicion:

derivation

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Also used for the rooster comb. Note the final class marker '-up' for round things.
  • Léxica:
    Also kungsung uup

kunik

I. N

1. animal,bird green macaw

kuntrayak pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food small river and creek fish , [ESP] Cichlid spp

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    You usually clean them and then fry them; you eat them because “they help wash the rice and beans down.” Traditionally, Rama Cay people catch and eat more of
    them than the Ramas in the other communities.

    Generalmente se limpian y se comen fritas; se comen para “ayudar a limpiar porque hace que el arroz y los frijoles vayan hacia abajo”. Tradicionalmente son capturadas y comidas más por la gente de Rama Cay que por las otras comunidades Rama.
  • Etnográfica:
    A small cichlid, "a shiny truu," truu being another small cichlid. Lives in small rivers and creeks. Can be caught by hook, but more often caught in cast nets, or by getting in the water and being "chased" downstream and netted. They are eaten when there are no better, meaning bigger, fish caught. They are usually cleaned and fried whole, being eaten to "help wash the rice and beans down." Traditionally are more often caught and eaten by Rama Cay people than by the other Ramas. Are also used for bait.
    Cichlid pequeña rayada, pez brillante (shine truu) siendo truu otro Cichlid pequeña según algunos hablantes. Hay bastante pequeños peces rayados, y se dice que este es el mas pequeño. Es muy agresivo, y persigue a los más grandes, especialmente cuando tiene nido. Vive en los riachuelos y criques. Se puede pescar con anzuelo pero más a menudo se agarra con atarraya, o se persiguen con red en el agua río abajo. Se comen solamente si no hay nada mejor, es decir pescado grande. También se usan como carnada.
  • Léxica:
    Also kontraya
    También kontraya

kuplangkuplang

I. N

1. animal,bird quail

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common in animal names.

kusmalaatu

I. N

1. animal,bird vulture

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are several different vultures, a red-headed one, a black-headed one, and a white one. The first two are more common in the region.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from Miskitu
  • Léxica:
    Also "kusmulaatu."

kusmalaatu king saala

I. N

1. animal,bird red-headed vulture

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kusmalaatu king saala
vulture head red

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    On of three vultures, the other two being the black-headed one, and the white one. Common in the region.

kusmalaatu parnga

I. N

1. animal,bird black-headed vulture

2. animal,bird black-headed vulture

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Regardless of the phrase in Rama, the black-headed vulture is also seen in the bush, though it is possible that previously it was more common in the town.

kusmalaatu pluuma

I. N

1. animal,bird white vulture

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kusmalaatu pluuma
vulture white

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    One of three vultures, the other two being the black-headed one, and the red-headed one. This one not as common in the region as the other two.

kutkut

I. N

1. animal,body unidentified small pigeon

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a small bush pigeon that eats rice.
  • Léxica:
    Also" kutkutba."

kutung

I. N

1. animal,mammal type of squirrel

kutuutuk

I. N

1. animal,frog black toad

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Black and bumpy toad that sings in the night.
  • Gramatical:
    Onomatopeic word. Has a variant form 'kaat tutuk'.

kuukuk

I. N

1. animal,insect house fly , [ESP] Mosca comun
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kuukuk yaadar su alpulki. Nainguku kalma pang u tkwakama yaadara.
    The kunkas fly/go on anything ('pitch' on anything = perch). That's why we have to cover the things with a piece of cloth.
    La “kunkas” se posa en cualquier cosa. Por eso tenemos que cubrir las cosas con una tela.

kuung

I. N

1. animal,insect lice
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kauling aing kuung sukwaakitka, taimka angka yalamskwi. Yupsi mliikaba spaayaka yalamskwi, barka ning taim suaataiki kuung aing yupsi, angka supaayai.
    People lice when we get it sometimes it can't go away. When we buy sweet grease then it goes away, but now it is too expensive, the grease for lice, we can't buy it.
    Cuando la gente tiene piojos a veces no se los puede quitar. Cuando tenemos con que compramos grasa dulce (vaselina?), pero ahora es muy cara, no la podemos comprar.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    People spend time picking lice out of each other's hair. They use kerosene to kill them.

kuut sinsak

I. N

1. animal,bird type of duck

kwaakak

I. N

1. animal,health,insect butterfly
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kwaakak kukat aakwaals yaungai, stanangkama.
    The butterfly wings look pretty to look at

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Butterflies are bad omens. Seen as causing illness with fever. Old people say that the migrating butterflies go to Turtle Bogue in Costa Rica where they suck turtle blood.
    There is a month when migrating butterflies go through Bluefields lagoon by the millions. Other time when the swampwood trees are covered with butterflies.
  • Léxica:
    Generic for butterflies. No other known names for butterflies.

kwaal

I. N

1. animal,frog spring toad

kwataaz

I. N

1. animal,bird clay-colored thrush

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The national bird of Costa Rica; not flashy, but sings a beautiful sweet song.
  • Léxica:
    Also heard as waaterz.

kwatang

I. N

1. animal,mammal big bat

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Any of a number of large black bats that fly in the night. No particular beliefs associated with them.
  • Léxica:
    Also kuaatang

kwerku

I. N

1. animal,food,mammal pig/hog
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Free-roaming hogs in small numbers have been raised for a long time as a source of income. By 2008, many more hogs, most still free-roaming, which has created more problems of hygiene and of digging up crops (though many have taken up the local custom of knotting a wire through the snout to dissuade the latter.) Pork has been eatenby many for a long time. The good time to castrate a hog is with the new moon because the skin is soft. If you do it at the full moon the skin is tough.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from Spanish (puerco).

kwiksaksak

I. N

1. animal,house,reptile Asian house gecko

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a small whitish lizard that is often found in houses. It usually comes out at night, and is seen running along walls and ceilings or on the underside of thatch or zinc roofs catching smal insects. It also chirps like a bird.

laakun aing triisu pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food shad species
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    You catch them with a gill net or with a cast net which you use in dark water where there are rocks. The Ramas fish for them in the morning when the fish are looking for food. The Ramas fry them and run them down, and they also boil them to give to the dogs. Women who have recenty had a baby don’t eat them because the young baby will get sick, or might not be able to sleep in the night.

    Se captura con trasmallo o con atarraya que se tiran en lugares de aguas oscuras donde hay rocas. Los Rama lo pescan por la mañana que es la hora que estos peces buscan alimento. La familia Rama lo prepara frito para rondón. También se hierve para los perros. No lo comen las mujeres recién alumbradas por que se enferman los tiernos o pueden tener problemas para dormir en la noche.
  • Etnográfica:
    One of two shad; this one is not as round as the other, and is darker. Netted and eaten or sold. Popular to fry and eat with boiled cassava.
    Una de las dos palometas, esta no es redonda como la otra, y es más oscura. Se captura en redes para comer o vender. Es popular comerlo frito con yuca hervida.

lakun kaut

I. N

1. animal,bird Ibis species

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A chicken-sized black swamp/lagoon bird with a long curved bill.

maamu

I. N

1. animal otter
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Maamu lakuun su traali, sii su traali, tauli skaik traali. Kabiis tataara bayalpi traali, ikwiskama.
    The river otter (water dog) walks in the lagoon, in the river and on the iceab beach side . It looks for black shrimps to eat.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Fresh water otter. Not eaten. They figure in the Adam cycle stories. Have become scarce now.

maikmaik

I. N

1. animal,insect cricket
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Grasshoppers and crickets seem to exist as two different categories to most, but many seem to call the ones that "sing in the night" grasshoppers, and the ones that are out in the day crickets. This is said by some to be a small dark cricket that does not sing.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common in animal names.
  • Léxica:
    Walter prefers "ngalingkat maikmaik," which he says in the same insect as "walsa aing aras," literally, "the Devil's horse," but does not know why it is so named.

makril pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish mackerel

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Principally a sea fish; comes in the lagoon when it is salty, usually in April and May. Caught on hook or in nets. Some don't eat it because it doesn't have scales. If eaten, it is usually fried, but is also dried, and then run down.
    Principalmente es pez de mar, pero se encuentra en la laguna cuando el agua esta salada, en abril y mayo. Se pesca con anzuelo, o se atrapa en red. Alguos no lo comen porque no tiene escamas. Si se come, generalmente se pone a freir; de otra manera, se seca, y entonces se lo cocina en rondon.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from English "mackerel."

maligyas pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food small yellow drummer

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    You fish for them in March and April at Hone Sound Bar. They like to live on the shell banks. Rama men and women like to fish for them when they go to Hone Sound. They use a small hook to catch it. Rukruk is very tasty fried and in soup.

    Se pesca en marzo y abril en la barra de Hone Sound. Les gusta vivir en los concheros. A los hombres y mujeres Rama les encanta ir a pescarlo cuando van a Hone Sound. Se usa anzuelo pequeño para agarrarlo. Es muy bueno frito y en sopa.
  • Etnográfica:
    Food fish commonly caught in the lagoon toward the ocean and near shore in Punta de Aguila. One of a number of different croakers (drummers).
    Pez comestible que generalmente se pesca en la salida de la laguna hacia el mar y cerca de la costa de Punta de Águila (Bangkukuk Taik). La mayoría de la gente en Bluefields no lo conoce. Es un pequeño pez amarillo de agua salada.
  • Léxica:
    same as rukruk (B.A. from Nellie )
    Para algunos hablantes es el mismo rukruk.

mamaama

I. ADJ

1. animal tame

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are tame plants and animals, such as tame chocolate and tame bribri, meaning that people purposefully plant it, and wild chocolate and bribri, other varieties which you go find in the bush.

manais

I. N

1. animal,insect big black ant

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The bite of this ant does not hurt.

manawar

I. N

1. animal,bird magnificent frigate bird; man o' war

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Very large sea bird.
    Pajaro marino bien grande.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from English 'man o' war'.

marmari

I. N

1. animal,mammal mouse

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Mice in the bush are generally brown, and resemble hamsters (except that their tails are longer) more than gray city mice.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common in animal names.
  • Léxica:
    Aso "mrimri."

masmas pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food cichlid species , [ESP] Pinto
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    We enjoy fishing for it when it’s masmas time. You find it where there are a lot of thick grasses in the water. The women go out early in the morning to look for it in the little creeks and in the mangroves. They use earthworms to fish for it.

    Disfrutamos pescándolo cuando está en temporada, se encuentra donde hay algas, grama o pasto. Las mujeres van temprano en las mañanas a buscarlo a los criques pequeños y en los manglares.Usan gusanos de tierra para pescarlo.
  • Etnográfica:
    A preferred freshwater food fish caught on hook in creeks, not in big rivers or in big lagoons. Likes shrimp for bait. Usually cooked in coconut milk.
    El pinto es uno de los peces de agua dulce favorito del pueblo Rama. Se pesca con anzuelo en los criques, no en los grandes ríos ni lagunas. Le gusta el chacalín o los gusanos de carnada. Generalmente se cocina en leche de coco. La gente de Bluefields no lo conoce.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common in animal names.
    Duplicación es común en los nombres de animales.

mauli

I. N

1. animal,insect moony
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Mauli maarch tukan ki ngaraak inganaak traali. Yuup an inguuk ngarkali awas isii, inganaak traali susungi.
    The firefly in the month of march it flies plenty. Its eyes and belly underneath blaze like light, so we see it flying.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A beetle which when flies in the evening appears to have two fluorescent green "headlights." Children like to catch them and put them in a basket made especially for them, or in a jar. On Rama Cay they call them 'muni bugs'. To be distinguished from "kamsiik," lightning bugs

miirummiirum

I. N

1. animal,insect unidentified beetle , [ESP] Escarabajo (sin indentificar)
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Miirummiirum uuli aing uut. Yuut isii. Yaap yuuk ngalma ikuaakar.
    The miirummiirum is a bug for the turtle. The body is like a bug. Its body has a hard shell.
    Es un insecto de las tortugas. El cuerpo es como el de un insecto. Tiene una concha dura.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Sings in the late evening May-June, "turtle time" as this is historically one of the months to go turtling as it is when they come ashore to lay. As of 2009, a commercial veda
    has been in place during the laying season, though indigenous communites are allowed to harvest for food.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common to many animal names.
  • Léxica:
    Also called "uuli uut," lierally, "turtle bug." "Miirummiirum" represents the sound it makes.

mingkuk

I. N

1. animal,mammal tayra

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They eat cane a lot, so most likely to be seen in a cane field. They also eat fowl (chickens).
  • Léxica:
    "Bush dog," like "nightwalker," can refer to several different animals, and the Rama, at least now, probably follows suit.

misi

I. N

1. animal,mammal coati mundi

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Traditional animal found in Adams stories.
    Rama people used to keep them as house guards (same with racoons).
    Animal tradicional que se menciona en las historias de Adam. Al pueblo Rama le gusta tenerlos como guardianes de la casa (lo mismo que a los mapaches.

miuk

I. N

1. animal,insect mosquito
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Miuk kaanu taaki kiyaakar. Taimka nguu ki kiikik yarnguli. Taimka suulaik sutraatka, ngaarak yarnguli.
    The mosquito lives every where. Sometimes in the house at night it bites. Sometimes when we walk in the bush, it bites us plenty.
    El mosquito vive en todas partes. A veces, en la casa, pica de noche. A veces, cuando andamos en el monte, nos pican muchisimo.

Pictures/Imagenes:

mukmuk

I. N

1. animal,bird owl
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Mukmuk sii su aakituing. Kuyak tuut aap ki nah sungu. Tamaas ki ikauni kiikik ikauni.
    The owl lives in the river. High up on the fig tree I saw it. It sings in the morning and sings in the night.
    El búho vive en el rio. Lo vi arriba, en los arboles de higo. Canta en la mañana y en la noche.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common for animal names.

muksa

I. N

1. animal,mammal collared peccary
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nakak sii su yaapuni sikwiik skaa su. Muksa kwsi ikaa aamliika brik imaali.
    "the ""nakak"" bush grows in the river, on the edge of the creek. The peccary eats the leaves. It smells bad."

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The meat of the white lipped peccary is preferred because supposedly it does not have as strong a scent as this peccary. Supposedly both peccaries (but not pigs/hogs) have a gall that protects them from snake bites. Supposedly also this peccary does not have an 'owner' and runs in all directions (unlike the wari).

mulung pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food a fish

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A food fish which some people eat, and others don't.
    La mayoría de la gente dice que es familia del bagre, pero de agua dulce, y que suele vivir en aguas inmóviles, como estanques con bastante vegetación. Es fácil agarrarlo con anzuelo cuchara. Mucha gente lo come. Una preparación tradicional es rayarlo con cuchillo, salarlo, y asarlo envuelto en hoja de bijagua Generalmente la cabeza no se come; se le da a los perros.
  • Léxica:
    See tukbut.

mumum

I. N

1. animal,insect fly
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Mumum tataara. Nainguku biip aing mumum sut aungi. Aanamaa ma yarnguli.
    This fly is big. That's why we call it cattle fly. It bites you hard.
    Esta mosca es grande. Por eso es que la llamamos mosca del ganado. Pica duro.

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common to animal names.

mumum tataara

I. N

1. animal,insect cattle fly
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Mumum tataara. Nainguku biip aing mumum sut aungi. Aanamaa ma yarnguli.
    This fly is big. That's why we call it cattle fly. It bites you hard.
    Esta mosca es grande. Por eso es que la llamamos mosca del ganado. Pica duro.

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Also called 'biip aing mumum'

murus

I. N

2. animal,bird ground dove

II. onom.

1. murus

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Also murusmurus

muskak

I. N

1. animal,bird scarlet-rumped tanager

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Common bird up creeks and rivers and in the bush around Bluefields lagoon. Often seen flying across the creeks and around the yard. The male is black with a bright red swatch across the lower back; the female is brown.
  • Léxica:
    Also "nguiskak."

mutkalking

I. N

1. animal,bird a kind of toucan or aracari

mutrus

I. N

1. animal,fish puffer fish , [ESP] Pez Globo, mutru
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Mutrus siita uruk su aakar. sut siita aaplukka sii ki, taimka sula yarnguli.
    The mutrus stay on top of the oyster. When we pick oyster, sometime he bite we.
    El pez globo permanece encima de los ostiones. Nos muerden, algunas veces, cuando recogemos ostiones.

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    The children use guts for bait, tie them on a piece of nylon string, drop that down in the water, and then wait for the mutrus to bite. We no longer see very many around Rama Cay (2009).

    Los niños usan las tripas como carnada, las amarran con una cuerda de nylon, la ponen en el agua y esperan que el mutrus se acerque a comer. Ya no se ven muchos en Rama Cay.
  • Etnográfica:
    Small speckled brackish and salt water puffer fish. Not eaten because it is poisonous. Children like to strike them from the wharf to learn to strike fish.

    El pez globo es pequeño, moteado y de agua salobre y salada. No se come porque es venenoso. Los niños practican con él con “juguetes” de arcos y flechas y lanzas para aprender a pescar.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu mutrus
    Préstamo del Miskitu

muulung

I. N

1. animal,fish,food catfish (small, freshwater) , [ESP] Pez Gato (pequeño, agua dulce)
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Muulung lakuun tiiskiba psutki bii kauling sungi. sauk ankiingaka ankwii.
    People see the bagre only in the little lagoon in land. When they fish, they catch it.
    El bagre sólo se ve en la laguna chiquita. Cuando salen a pescar, lo capturan.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Some eat it and some don't. The term is used in Rama and RCC. Refers to similar, but different fish to different speakers: fresh or brackish water catfish is what most agree on. Found in slow-moving, or virtually non-moving water such as very small ponds or "lagoons" connected to creeks, or in swamps. As the fresh or brackish water catfish, most people eat it; one traditional popular way is scored, salted, wrapped up in a waha leaf, and roasted in the fire. The head is not usually cooked.
    La mayoría de la gente dice que es familia del bagre, pero de agua dulce, y que suele vivir en aguas inmóviles, como estanques con bastante vegetación. Es fácil agarrarlo con anzuelo cuchara. Mucha gente lo come. Una preparación tradicional es rayarlo con cuchillo, salarlo, y asarlo envuelto en hoja de bijagua Generalmente la cabeza no se come; se le da a los perros.
  • Léxica:
    See mulung, takbut, tukbut, tagbut, uula, tongki, tungki, batsi, bachi, sabut, elik.

muulung maama pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish eel

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Variation among speakers, but most say this refers to a freshwater eel. Not usually eaten because it looks like a snake.
  • Léxica:
    See muulung, tukbut, takbut, sabut.

muupi pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food snook
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    The traditional way to fish for snook is with a harpoon. There are some Rama men who are experts at this, but these days it is hardly ever done. May is snook time; the men go fishing for it either when the sun is going down, or very early in the morning. These days they use gill nets to catch it. It fetches a very good market price. If it is really large, you dry it, being sure to put enough salt on it that it doesn’t spoil, so you can also sell it salted and dried in addition to fresh.

    La forma tradicional de pescar de los Rama es utilizando arpón, hay expertos en tirar el palo con anzuelo en la punta. Actualmente, lo usan muy pocas veces. El mes de mayo es el tiempo para pescar róbalo, los hombres van a pescarlo al caer el sol o muy temprano en la mañana. Ahora se utiliza el trasmallo para capturarlo, tiene muy buen precio en el mercado. Cuando tiene buen tamaño se seca poniéndole suficiente sal para que no se descomponga y se vende seco y salado.
  • Etnográfica:
    Traditionally, the people from Rama Cay would "torch" snook at night during the dry season in the lagoon. They would use silico torches to provide light, and strike the snook with harpoon (rather than fish with hook and line) because snook can be up to about four feet long. Cooked many ways, including snook hash, usually made from roasted snook being fried with oil (coconut oil, or rich coconut milk preferred), and onion and black pepper if available. Especially desirable were the roe, usually fried, or put in a waha leaf and set down in a pot of rondon to cook. As of 2008 this custom had virtually disappeared as the number of snook had suffered a great decline. Furthermore, for any torching (whether for fish or game), many people now had headlamps. As of 2008, Wiring cay still had some large snook. As of 2009, it was noted that a number of fish netted in Cane Creek and called "kalua," did not appear to be"kalua," but rather small snook.
    Tradicionalmente, la gente de Rama Cay captura los róbalos durante la estación seca, para ello iluminaban la laguna con antorchas. Hacían antorchas de silico (una palmera) para iluminarse. Capturan los róbalos con arpón (en vez de anzuelo y cuerda) porque el róbalo puede medir hasta 4 pies de largo. Se cocina de diversas maneras, incluso desmenuzado. Este plato se hace de róbalo ahumado y frito en aceite (aceite de coco o preferiblemente en leche de coco), con cebolla y pimienta si se tiene. Las huevas son especialmente apetecidas, generalmente fritas, o puestas a cocinar envueltas en hoja de bijagua o banano dentro de una olla de rondón.
    En el 2008 notamos que esta costumbre estaba desapareciendo y que la cantidad de róbalo había disminuido. Más aún, en vez de antorchas (ya sea para alumbrarse o jugar) mucha gente usa ahora lámparas de cabeza. En el 2008, en Wiring Cay todavía se veían róbalos grandes. En el 2009 se observó en Cane Creek, que en las redes lo que decían que eran “kalua”, eran róbalos pequeños.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu.

namala

I. N

1. animal,insect sugar bee

nansi

I. N

1. animal,insect nansi spider

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A type of spider and a character in traditional Kriol folk story also told by Ramas. Nansi is the Kriol name borrowed by the Ramas

ngalaali

I. N

1. animal,food,health honey

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    When they find it, they cut it and they eat it if it is sweet. They try to smoke the bees out not to be stung. It is a treat traditionally. There are several categories of honey from sour to more sweet. Some are used in bush medicine/medication, for example honey with lime for asthma. Particularly important as sweetener before sugar.

ngalaaliis

I. N

1. animal,body,insect beeswax , [ESP] Cera de abejas
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngalaaliis maliima sauk ariira yuanangaiskama.
    The wax is good to tie the fishing line with it.

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
ngalaali is
honey wax

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used traditionally in the fabrication of hunting and fishing instruments, used like a glue.

ngalaali tran

I. N

1. honey glue

2. animal honey comb

ngalaali uut

I. N

1. animal,insect honey bee
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngalaali tran kat aap su nsut sungi. Ngalaali uut sabii nganaksu tauki itran aap su.
    We see the honey pipe (hive) on the tree. The bees fly straight and get in through the pipe.

ngalaali yirii

I. N

1. animal,body,food honey juice

Composicion:

expression

ngalang

I. N

1. animal,bird currassow

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Traditionally its feathered wing can be used as a fire fan ('kangkangup'). It is a turkey sized bird highly prized for its meat, lives up creeks and rivers and is very rare now.

ngaliis

I. N

1. animal,reptile caiman
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngaliis tangkit tkuptkupwa.
    The alligator back is bumpy bumpy.
    La espalda del lagarto es gruesa y rugosa.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It figures a lot in the Adam stories. A sort of boogey man traditionally: Based on a traditional story, the saying that if old people sleep too much, the alligator will come down (and eat you). Belief that alligator gall is used to poison people.
    They still hunt it to sell the hides. They don't eat the meat, and there is no market for it.
    Aparece bastante en las historias de Adam. Una especie de "boogey man" tradicional. Basado en un cuento tradicional, se dice que si los ancionos duermen mucho los lagartos van a bajar (y comerte). Se cree quela bilis del lagarto sirve como veneno. Todavía los cazan para vender el cuero. No lo comen, y la carne no tiene mercado.

ngaliis kwiiksa

I. N

1. animal,health,reptile turnip-tailed gecko
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngaliis kwiiksa kuyak nguu ki kalka nangka ki yaakri. Ikwiik ngaliis isii aakar.
    The alligator lizard lives high in the house in the thatch. His hand like an alligator.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaliis kwiik saa
caiman hand palm

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A large gecko believed to be poisonous, found in the house and in the bush. Bigger than the other house lizards (kaskas). If it bites you the cure is: "Look into the sun and don't blink and drink lots of water". Also said that when it bites you, it looks for water, but if you reach water before he does, nothing will happen to you. Some say that the tail is steel, and that if it drops its tail straight down, it can stick in the floor boards.
  • Léxica:
    To be differentiated from 'kaskas' for slightly smaller and harmless house lizards. Some call this "gelliwaaz" in Kriol; others use "gelliwaaz" as the Rama name of a different lizard, which is "galliwasp" in English.

ngalingkat maikmaik

I. N

1. animal,insect praying mantis , [ESP] Mantis religiosa

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngalingkat maikmaik
rubbing rock cricket

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    'maikmaik' alone means 'grasshopper'.

ngaraak

I. N

1. animal,bird macaw
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Another important animal in the Adam cycle (with the jaguar, the alligator, the white lipped peccary (wary), coati mundi (cuash)). A partner of the alligator snapping turtle ('sbiiru) because they have the same head and bill.

    Very big beautiful parrot. They are all endangered.
  • Gramatical:
    Makes a minimal pair with 'ngarak' (plenty).

ngaraak ngarngaringba

I. N

1. animal,bird green macaw

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaraak ngarngaringma
macaw

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    See kunik.

ngaraak saala

I. N

1. animal,bird red macaw

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaraak saala
macaw red

ngaraak tuk ariis

I. N

1. animal,bird no name; macaw with a short tail

ngarbing

I. N

1. animal,food,mammal tapir
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngarbing tiiski aakitka bii, iniitniit ikwaakari.
    Only when the mountain cow is small it has stripes.
    La danta tiene rayas, solo cuando es pequeño.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    An important animal in the Adam cycle.
    It has a very tough hide. They hunt it for meat, sometimes torching it in the night during dry weather, but not everybody likes to eat it because it is a very dark meat. Used to use the hide to make things with because it is tough (like ropes, sacks, shoes, belts...).
    El danto es un animal importante en el Ciclo de Adam. Tiene un cuero fuerte. Lo cazan por su carne, algunas veces salen a buscarlo con antorchas durante el verano, pero no a todos les gusta comerlo porque la carne es oscura. Se utiliza el cuero para hacer cuerdas, bolsos, zapatos, fajas.

ngariirik

I. N

1. animal,bird motmot

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Pretty river bird, not hunted. The turquoise-browed motmot is the national bird of Nicaragua.

ngaukngauk

I. N

1. animal spider
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Generic for spiders. Are differentiated by being hairy (particularly the black tarantula), or by color words, or by being "high up," ("nantsi" which spin webs in the house or trees vs. tarantulas, which live in holes in the ground.)
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common to animal names.

ngaukngauk aabakwa

I. N

1. animal tarantula
Pictures/Imagenes:

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaukngauk aabakwa
spider hairy

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Some people think that tarantulas are poison. One kind said to be extra large, and capable of killing a cow.

ngaukngauknga kuyakba

I. N

1. animal spider

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    "Kuyakba" is added to differentiate spiders that live "high up," i.e., that make webs in the house or trees, from tarantula-type spiders that live in holes in the ground. The "kuyakba" spiders are the kind referred to in the Kriol nantsi stories

ngaukngauk nuknuknga

I. N

1. animal female spider

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaukngauk nuknuknga
spider yellow

ngaukngauk parnga

I. N

1. animal male spider
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngaukngauk parnga nkiikna.
    The black spider is a he.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaukngauk parnga
spider black

ngaukngauk taara

I. N

1. animal big spider
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngaukngauk taara aabak pluuma.
    the big spider has white hair

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaukngauk taara
spider big

ngaungup

I. N

1. animal,body,mammal wari scent

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is an oval shaped organ about 4 by 4 1/2 inches from near the kidney. It is roasted for the hunting dog.
  • Gramatical:
    With the '-up' suffix of roundish shapes.

ngiit

I. N

1. color line

2. color stripe

2. geo way

4. animal trail

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The initial velar nasal can be reduced to 'n'.

ngisngis

I. N

1. animal,insect cricket
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ngisngis tkua aatkukiba. sumsuma. Kiikik yaaksi.
    The cricket leg is not short. It's very long. It sings in the night.

2. animal,insect grasshopper

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Many do not seem to distinguish between grasshoppers and crickets, but those who do, often refer to the ones that "sing in the night" as grasshoppers.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common in animal names.
  • Léxica:
    See "maikmaik."

nguliik

I. N

1. animal,bird parrot
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nguliik aabak ngarngaringma.
    The parrot has green feathers.
    El loro tiene plumas verdes.
  • Naas nguliik mamaamisba kwaakari namaa yaakri.
    I have a very tame parrot. He sits quiet.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    If they can get them, they like to keep them as house pets.

nguliik kiing nuknuknga

I. N

1. animal,bird yellow headed parrot

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
nguliik kiing nuknuknga
parrot head yellow

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The Rama nickname of the linguist 'Miss Colette', because she can teach them to talk.
    El sobrenombre Rama de la linguista "Miss Colette", porque les enseña a hablar.

nguliik kiing pluuma

I. N

1. animal,bird white head parrot

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
nguliik kiing pluuma
parrot head white

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Can be a nuisance because they eat crops like corn, supa.

nguliik ngarngaringba

I. N

1. animal,bird green parrot

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
nguliik ngarngaringba
parrot green

nguliik taik parnga

I. N

1. animal,bird black nosed parrot

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
nguliik taik parnga
parrot the feathers just above a bird's bill black

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    BA: "taik" as part of a bird's name refers to the feathers just above the beak, not the beak itself, nor to the nose, which is on the beak.

nguliik taik saala

I. N

1. animal,bird,dom. red nosed parrot
Pictures/Imagenes:

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
nguliik taik saala
parrot the feathers just above a bird's bill red

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This has been a common parrot on the South Atlantic Coast, and one that has often been kept as a pet. In Cane Creek and Aguila, people often let their parrots fly free; they are half-tame, meaning that they purposefully come around and into the house looking for cooked food or raw fruits to eat, but they usually won't let you pick them up. Then they often fly off with wild parrots for a while. These half-tamed parrots are birds that were taken or fell from nests as babies, and then tamed, it is said, by feeding them salted food.
  • Léxica:
    "taik" refers to the feathers just above the bill, not the bill and not the nose, which is on the bill.

ngulkang

I. N

2. animal,mammal white lipped peccary

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Preferred bush meat which may be eaten roasted, or roasted and stewed in coconut milk, or salted and stewed. Also sold salted in Bluefields. Traditionally hunted with bow and arrow, currently hunted mostly with gun, and with the help of small dogs if they have them. Some still use homemade lances to hunt them.
    Figures prominently in Adam stories and belief system in general. Lots of beliefs regarding waris and fer de lance snakes (tamagaf). There is also a "wari owner," a little man who lives in the bush and who controls release of the wari from a big hole deep in the bush, where he also hides them sometimes.
    You are supposed to hang the skull facing the direction of where it was killed so that it will call the others for you to hunt them. The hunter is not supposed to eat the guts or the feet. In Cane Creek they don't keep the guts to eat but in Rama Cay they do. But it is good for the hunter to eat the nose so that he can smell the wari from far away.
    You cut out the wari scent (an organ about 4x2 1/2 inches, oval, from around the kidney area) and roast it for the dog.

ngulkang airi

I. N

1. animal,food,mammal wari soup

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngulkang airi
white lipped peccary soup

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    One of the foods you prepare when you kill a wari. You make the soup after you have roasted the meat and shared it out. You boil rice in water and add boiled wari meat, salt and coconut milk. You can add gourd pepper, black pepper, onion if you have it. Another, probably more traditional way to make the soup (from cane creek) is to boil the meat, and peel and boil green banana. Then beat the banana with the wabul stick and put it in the wari soup water. Add salt, gourd or other pepper, culantro or basil. Leave the wari head for the following morning. That you can boil and then stew (with coconut milk) or make more soup.

ngung ngung ngung

I. onom.

1. animal,mammal,percep. sound the baboon (howler monkey) makes

ngunguluk

I. N

1. animal,bird dry weather bird

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Partial reduplication.

ngunis

I. N

1. animal,body antenna

2. animal,body whisker

3. body,human beard

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    See also the composition 'ngiskat+ulis' (jaw hair)

nguu

I. N

1. artef.,house house
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kiiknadut katkup yusiiki sulaik karka anulaing nguu kama.
    The men bring the logs from the bush for their house.
  • Nguu aaplang tursin u.
    Sweep the house with the broom.

Pictures/Imagenes:

2. animal nest

3. imprint

nguuk

I. N

1. animal,body,human belly

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Homonym with the verb 'to smell'.

ngwaas

I. N

1. animal,body,fish gill

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    See also 'ngwaasup' (armpit) for humans.

ngwiis

I. N

1. animal,bird warbler

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Gave its name to the month of September 'ngwiis tukan'.
    Children like to shoot them with slingshots and then sometimes roast them and eat them.

nisnis

I. N

1. animal,insect cricket , [ESP] Grillo
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nisnis kalka up su kalnik baakar.
    The cricket is standing on the leaf.
    El grillo esta parado en la hoja.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    N
  • Léxica:
    cricket

nkiikna

I. ADJ

2. animal male
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nkiikna katkup angatki, nguu anparkkama.
    The men cut logs to make houses.
  • Ikursking aabak baingbing ning nkiikna.
    This man has plenty chest hair.

II. N

1. human man
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nkiikna katkup angatki, nguu anparkkama.
    The men cut logs to make houses.
  • Ikursking aabak baingbing ning nkiikna.
    This man has plenty chest hair.

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Original pronunciation of the word, with initial consonant cluster. Today semi spealers use a simplified version 'kiikna'.The plural form is with either -dut 'nkiiknadut' or -lut 'nkiiknalut'.

nung-nung-nung

I. onom.

1. animal,mammal,percep. Sound the baboon (howler monkey) makes

nuunik urmut

I. N

1. animal,reptile grass snake

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
nuunik urmut
day guts

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This one is not poisonous.

nuuruk

I. N

1. animal,body wattle

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Wattle on certain lizards, birds
  • Léxica:
    Also norukla.

paak

I. N

1. animal,insect flea , [ESP] Pulga
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Paak tausung aing kuung. Paak ngaara tingka, angka mkamii kiikik. Aamliika kalma psutki.
    The flea is the dog louse. When they get plenty you cannot sleep in the night. It feel bad in your dress.
    La pulga es el piojo de los perros. Cuando tienen muchas no pueden dormir en la noche. Se siente mal en tu ropa.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    As of 2008, fleas have greatly increased in number in some communities due to the increased number of dogs, and some also say because of the increased number of hogs. One remedy, if you have a board floor, is to mash up soursop leaves and spread them over the floor to "run" the fleas.
  • Gramatical:
    Sometimes with strongly aspirated initial p (IB).

paalkat

I. N

1. animal,body rib

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With class marker '-kat' for longuish shapes.

paalpa

I. N

1. animal,food,hunting,mammal manatee
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Another important animal in the Adam cycle. Has a spirit owner, the whale. The hunt used to be a communal event, with a lot of ceremonial rules, as was the butchering and eating.
    Hide used for various artifacts. Extremely scarce now. Ghost Point, at the north end of Red Bank, is one location where manatees are traditionally said to hang out.

paapu

I. N

2. animal,insect small black ant , [ESP] Hormiga negra pequena
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Paapu kaanuk taaki aakar. Paapu tiiskiba parnga. Mkaat su yalplukatkutka, yarnguli.
    The ant lives everywhere. It is small and black. When it climb all over on your foot it bite.
    La hormiga vive en todas partes. Es pequeña y negra. Cuando se te sube a los pies te pica.
  • Paapu yubusuk kwsi.
    The ants eat the sprouts.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Also called sugar ants because they get into the sugar.
  • Léxica:
    Used as a generic name for ants.

paaruk

I. N

1. animal,food,reptile fresh water turtle
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They are very hard to catch because they swim fast and dive deep. Men and boys dive for them, usually catching them by hand up in creeks and rivers. They eat them, feet and all; they especially like the females that have eggs, which they stew in the pot with the meat. If they find the nest, they dig up the eggs and boil them to eat. They use the shell for a musical instrument. As of 2009, Mestizos, and even some of the younger Ramas, were using scuba masks and homemade spearguns to catch both fish and hicatees in rivers and creeks, further decimating the already decreased numbers.
    Rama nickname for Cristina Benjamins. "Paaruk" is a generic for freshwater turtles; paaruk alone usually refers to either the "speckled" one (sisiknga), or a black one (parnga). Others may go by either "paaruk" plus the other name, or simply by the other name, e.g., "kaat plat."
  • Léxica:
    Hikiti in Kriol from jicotea in Spanish.

paas

I. N

1. animal,insect rain ant
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Paas parparnga. Sii aataikka, antraali.
    The rain ants are very black. When the rains pass, they walk about.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are a lot of them after it rains.

pais

I. N

1. animal,mammal sloth
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are sloths in the traditional Adam stories. There are different kinds of sloths. They don't hunt them or eat them.

pakaak

I. N

1. animal,reptile a green lizard
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Pakaak tki su ingalbi traali, kaanu taaki aakri.
    This lizard runs on the ground and lives everywhere.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Also pronounced 'pkaak' or 'mkaak'.

pakpak

I. N

1. animal,bird river bird

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common to animal names: onomatopeic?
  • Léxica:
    See pakpak.

pangkwiskwis

I. N

2. animal,bird chicken hawk

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Type of chicken hawk that eats crabs. In Rama Cay Creole it is called crab hawk .
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication commonly found in animal names.

parpas

I. N

1. animal,mammal,water porpoise

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Young boys from Cane creek used to go out to sea close to shore and strike porpoises with harpoons just for fun.

    En Cane Creek los jóvenes solían ir al mar, cerca de la costa, a arponear delfines para divertirse.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (porpoise).

    Prestado del Inglés

piang

I. N

1. animal,mammal most likely cacomistle or kinkajou

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    small mammal that walks high up in the trees at night and hollers loudly. The call is frightening! Probable that many people, not just Ramas, do not differentiate among several diifferent species with similar body shapes and coloring, e.g., kinkajous, cacomistles, and olingos, since they are all arboreal and nocturnal and therefore not often actually seen. The cacomistle is the only one of the three identified in literature as having a loud call, which it uses to defend it s territory.

piatka

I. N

1. animal,bird bird species

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu.

piitunu

I. N

1. animal,bird yellow-tailed oriole

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A yellow and black bird that sings all kinds of ways. One of the ways is 'tuksi kakabing' (roll your bottom)! Has been heavily decimated due to capture for market trade for its numerous beautiful melodies. Likes to build nests woven on the underside of banana plant fronds. Still fairly common in Cane Creek as of 2009.

pikngwaak

I. N

1. animal,bird squirrel cuckoo

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Another onomatopoetic bird. Commonly seen and heard in the bush, but one which most people don't like because they say that when he hollers, something bad is going to happen. A few say that that is only so when he hollers like his name. If, however, he hollers "kriskriskris," that indicates that good luck is coming.
  • Léxica:
    Also 'pishnwaak," "pishwaak."

pikpik

I. N

1. animal,reptile a type of ant

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common in animal names.

pikpikba

I. N

1. animal,bird a kind of bird

pilispilis

I. N

1. animal,bird small toucan
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Pilispilis parnga. Isiik sumaa, haap parnga haap sasaisba. suupa ikwsi.
    The billbird is black and his bill is long, half black and half sort of red . He eats suupa.
    El "billbird" es negro y su pico es largo, mitad negro y mitad casi rojo. Come bananos.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication.

pingka pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish small jack species

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A small species of jack caught in the lagoon and sold or consumed. Fights like crazy when hooked. Usually is roasted, and then you pull off the skin because it has a “bone” along the side. After that, you stew it (run it down) in coconut milk.
    Una especie pequeña del jurel que se pesca en la laguna para consumo y para vender. Lucha como loco cuando pica el anzuelo. Para cocinar, se pone a asar, y después se le quita la piel para eliminar el “hueso” que tiene a lo largo del cuerpo. Luego se prepara en rondón.

pispis pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food drummer fish (little white) , [ESP] Tambor (pequeño)
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Pispis salpka tiiskiba pluuma. sauk u ankiingai ankuu. Nguu ki yuansiikka, anangskwi. Kansi anuungi, ankwiskama.
    The liittle white drummer is a small and white fish. They fish it with a hook. They catch it. When they bring it to the house they clean it. They fry it to eat it.
    El peuqeño pez tambor es pequeño y es un pez blanco. Lo pescan con anzuelo. Lo agarran. Cuando lo traen a la casa lo limpian. Lo fríen y lo comen.

Pictures/Imagenes:

2. animal,bird northern waterthrush

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    During dry weather childen
    catch large quantities of these small fish. For them it is a form of entertainment to go to the point on Rama Cay and fish for pispis.
    They also catch it to feed the dog.

    Durante el verano los niños Rama pescan grandes cantidades de estos pececitos, para ellos es una diversión ir a la punta de las islas a pescar pispis. También lo pescan para darle de comer a sus mascotas.
  • Etnográfica:
    Small lagoon/ocean fish, kind of slimy to eat. A common fish for children just "fishnin' about" in the lagoon to catch. Not as desirable as other fish, but eaten anyway. Looks like a small "raukrauk." It is always found "between shrimp," and plenty are caught while casting nets for chacalines during chacalin time (dry weather.)

    Pez de mar y lagunero, algo viscoso para comer. Un pez común que los niños agarran en la laguna para pescar. No es tan apetecido como otros peces, pero es comestible. Parece un “raukrauk” pequeño. Se encuentra siempre revuelto con los chacalines, y se atrapan muchos en las atarrayas durante la temporada de chacalines.

    As a bird, a robin-sized bird with a gray-brown back and broken stripes running down its chest. Delightful to watch bobbing and flicking its tail about as it searches for food among the rocks and plants at creekside.
    Would also refer to the Louisiana waterthrush, but only the northern waterthrush observed.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common to animal names.
  • Léxica:
    Fish: Borrowing from Miskitu pispisya.
    Bird: Only heard pronounced "pishpish."

piun

I. N

1. animal,bird thick-billed seed finch

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    'Piun tukan' used for January.
    Also called 'grass bird' in Kriol.

plaanak aing salpka pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish unidentified sea fish
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:

    A long sea fish which is also found in the lagoon sometimes when it is salty. Has ugly sharp teeth. For many, an unwanted bycatch in gill nets near shore in places such as Punta de Águila. Some eat it, saying it is like mackerel. They roast it and run it down, or fry it.
    Un pez grande de mar con horribles dientes filosos. También se encuentra en la laguna cuando esta salada. Para muchos, es un pez no deseado. Aparece en las redes colocadas en las playas cercanas en lugares como Bangkukuk Taik. Algunos lo comen, diciendo que es como la macarela. Lo asan, y después cocinan en rondón, o lo fríen.

pliis

I. N

1. animal,food,hunting,reptile hawksbill turtle

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They prefer the green sea turtle meat to the hawksbill turtle meat but this one was more valuable for its shell (tortoise shell), which was sold in Bluefields even though it is a highly endangered species. As of 2008, since the shell is not as readily sold in Bluefields due to tougher laws, some people throw away the plaques!
    If you catch a hawksbill turtle you roast the head and when the meat falls off you hang it high in a cacao tree to make it bear a lot of cacao pods. It is badluck for the hawksbill striker to eat the fin, you are supposed to throw them in the water. but these days the strikers eat the fins anyway.
    It's bad luck for future striking if people pee on the fin bones.
    Ramas eat hawksbill eggs, usually fried these days. The fried egg said to taste like fried chicken egg, but is much larger. Hawksbills lay on the beaches around Pointer Rock ad Corn River.

pliis sungsung

I. N

1. animal,body unidentified songbird

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A little brownish bird the size of a piitunu that sings a two-note half-step song of repeated "du-du, du-du, du-du, du-du."

prunkikis

I. N

1. animal,insect small black ant
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Prunkikis manais isii susungi seem. Parnga barka uruk su tiiskama.
    This ant looks like a manais ant (to us). It is black too but smaller.
    Esta hormiga se parece a la hormiga mania (para nosotros). Es negra tambien pero pequeña.

pruun uut

I. N

1. animal,insect trumpet ant

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
pruun uut
trumpet tree bug

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Called this way because they climb on the trumpet tree.

psaarik

I. N

1. animal,bird big toucan
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Psaarik sinsak isiik sumaa ikuaakar. Isiik taik astraabing nuknuknga, astraabing saala.
    The billbird is a bird who has a long bill. The side of the bill is one side yellow and one side red.
    El billbird es un pájaro que tiene un pico largo. Un lado del pico es amarillo y el otro rojo.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Found in the Adam stories.
    They live in the creeks and rivers and are not hunted.

psaauk

I. N

1. animal,body turtle belly

psak

I. N

1. animal,mammal small ground squirrel
Pictures/Imagenes:

psuk

I. N

1. animal worm, caterpillar, maggot

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Some fish, such as tuba, "pick," (bite) well with different kinds of worms as bait.

    When refers to intestinal parasites, there are a number of different purges that adults take, and children are given (e.g., senna leaf tea) periodically as purges to get rid of worms. Round worms (ascaris) are very common.

psuk aalukwa

I. N

1. animal white hairy worm

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
psuk aalukwa
worm, caterpillar, maggot with prickles

psuk alkiinuing

I. N

1. animal hairy worm

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
psuk alkiin -uing
worm, caterpillar, maggot itch HAB

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Literally 'itching worm'.

psuk pluuma parnga

I. N

1. animal white and black hairy worm

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
psuk pluuma parnga
worm, caterpillar, maggot white black

puk

I. N

1. animal,mammal agouti

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Smaller than a paca (givenot in Kriol). It is reddish brown color and is hunted for food.
  • Léxica:
    Kyaki is Miskitu and kriol.

puk saala

I. N

1. animal,food,hunting,mammal agouti

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A pretty red-brown rodent, smaller than a givenot (paca) which is hunted for its meat. Usually roasted. Sometimes then are stewed. Some also fry it. Kyakis and pacas dig dens with tunnels in the bush, often among the big tree roots. Some dogs are specialists for hunting givenot and kyaki (agouti). Despite their rabbit size, they can do a lot of damage if they have the chance to bite up the hunting dogs.
  • Léxica:
    They are all the same color. The babies are striped and speckled like fawns. Those who say puk saala probably use puk alone for givenot (kulii).

pungkit

I. N

1. animal,bird hawk
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Pungkit, kuyak yaakitka usru isungka, bayalptungu. Ikuuka, kuyak yuitunguli, ikwisbang.
    The hawk, when it gets high up and when it sees a chicken, it comes down for it. When it catches it, it ges up with it to eat it.
    El águila, cuando se eleva y ve una gallina desciende por ella. Cuando la captura, se eleva con ella y se la come.

pungkit taara

I. N

1. animal,bird big eagle

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
pungkit taara
hawk big

puntutuk

I. N

1. animal,bird trumpet pigeon

II. onom.

1. puntutuk

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Told they like to stand up together. The name of the animal is itself an onomatopeia of the noise it makes.

puupu pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A minnow-sized fresh-water fish in creeks. Looks like a mollie. Not usually actively sought; children playing around in the water with pans or buckets or may catch various small fish or shrimps, which can be used as fishing bait. Reported that children used to boil it with green breadfruit to eat.
    Es del tamaño de un gobio de agua dulce de los criques. Parece un pez molly (pequeño pez mascota). Los niños juegan con ellos en el agua o los usan de carnada. Se cuenta que antes los niños lo comían cocido en agua con fruta de pan verde.
  • Léxica:
    Does not appear to need to be combined with salpka. Some speakers say "nguk taara," "big-belly fish."
    No parece necesitar combinarse con salpka. Algunos hablantes dicen “nguk taara”, “pez panzón”.

puus

I. N

1. animal,mammal cat
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Puus ngunis kunkunbi kuaakari.
    The cat has four whiskers.
    El gato tiene cuatro bigotes.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Sometimes kept around the house. A wet cat means bad weather, so if you have one in your dory, you try to keep it dry. particularly in the southern communities, a number of cats appear to have mixed with wild spotted cats, as can be seen from the photo.
  • Gramatical:
    Loanword from English 'pussy cat'.

puuti

I. N

1. animal,bird great tinamou

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It is a chicken-like bird that lives far up in the creek. They don't find it very often, and they eat them if they catch them. Increasingly rare.
  • Léxica:
    big mountain hen (Kr)

raukrauk pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food croaker
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a big whitish-colored drummer found in the river, and in the lagoon when the water is fresh. Fatter than a coppermouth but with the same smallish scales. It is cooked all kinds of ways. The names of drummers are onomatopoeic.
    Este es un pez tambor grande color blanquizco que se encuenta en el río y en la laguna cuando el agua esta dulce. Más grueso que una corvina pero con el mismo tipo de escamas pequeñas. Se prepara de varias maneras para comer. El nombre del pez tambor es onomatopéyico.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common in animal names. The drummer was called 'aitukpa' by ancient Rama people.
  • Léxica:
    An old Rama word for drummer was “aitukpa.” There are different kinds of drummers, big and small, silver and yellowish, and speakers disagree as to which terms apply to which fish. For some, “raukrauk” is the same as “kapamout” in Kriol.
    La palabra del Rama antiguo para tambor es 'aitukpa'. Hay diferentes tipos de pez tambor, pequeños y grandes, plateados y amarillentos, y los hablantes no estan de acuerdo en cuanto a cual palabra describe cual pez. Para algunos, “raukrauk”es el mismo “kapamout” en Kriol.

rukruk pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food drummer (small, yellow) , [ESP] Tambor (pequeño, amarillo)

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A food fish commonly caught near the shore around Bangkukuk Taik. Caught with hook and small beach crabs as fishing bait. Rukruk is principally a sea fish; Rama Cay people also talk about “maligyas aista,” i.e., “maligyas oysters,” which are oysters from Maligyas Bank, before Handkerchief Point, on the left when you are coming into Hone Sound Bar.
    Pez comestible que se encuentra comúnmente en las costas alrededor de Punta de Aguila (Bangkukuk Taik). Se pesca con anzuelo y carnada como pequeños cangrejos de la playa. El rukruk es principalmente un pez de mar. La gente de Rama Cay habla de “maligyas aista,” i.e., “maligyas oysters,” que son las ostras de Maligyas Bank, antes de Handkerchief Point, al lado izquierdo cuando se viene de Hone Sound Bar.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu rukruk. See maligyas.

saaling pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish mountain mullet, bobo , [ESP] Lisa de montaña
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Saaling sii su kuyaanik yaakituing ngaling tataara aunga ki. Anaalali nsut sungi.
    The mountain galleyfever stays way up the river between the big rocks. We see it play.
    La lisa permanece río arriba entre las grandes rocas. La vemos jugar.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are many kinds of mullet in the area; some call this one “mountain califavor.” Most Bluefields people are only familiar with one sea mullet, if any mullets at all. This fish is only found up in big rivers such as Punta Gorda or Corn River; it needs deep water. This kind of mullet lives in the riverhead, but comes down to the sea to lay near the beach edge in June and July (rainy season). You can hardly see them when they come down in the flood, but you can see them flashing in the water when they go up. You have to catch them in a net or strike them because they hardly take the hook. They can weigh up to 7 or 8 pounds, and are fat in June, and have big roe, which is a special treat. They are very oily, though, so are usually roasted and not fried. May be put in rondon after roasting. Another source put the months at November for them to come down, and Dec. 8 for them to go back up. They get fat from eating “mojo flowers” (“unsing uruk”) that drop in the river.

    Hay muchas especies de este pez en la región. Unas personas conocen este pez como “califavor de la montaña.” La mayoría de la población en Bluefields solo conoce un tipo de lisa de mar. Necesita aguas profundas como los del rio Punta Gorda o Rio Maíz. Este tipo de lisa vive río arriba, pero sale al mar a desovar cerca de la playa en junio y julio (época de lluvia). Con dificultad pueden verse brillando en el agua cuando vienen con la corriente, pero se pueden ver bien cuando van para arriba. Se tienen que capturar con red o golpearlos porque no pican el anzuelo. Pueden pesar entre 7 y 8 libras, están gordos en junio y tienen bastantes huevas que son muy apetecidas. Son muy grasosos por eso generalmente se ahúman no se fríen. Ya ahumados se pueden poner en el rondón. Otras fuentes dicen que baja el rio en Noviembre, y sube el 8 de Diciembre) Se engorda comiendo las flores del árbol “mojo” (“unsing uruk”) que caen en el rio.
  • Gramatical:
    Also "sahaling," and "shaaling."
  • Léxica:
    Sp. bobo mullet

saalya

I. N

1. animal,bird scarlet tanager

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A bright red bird with black wings in the bush. Not to be confused with "muskak," which is a black bird with a bright red rump. They used to catch them around September and feed them worms and seeds, and then later let them go.
  • Léxica:
    Also "singsak saala."

saamut

I. N

1. animal,reptile green snake

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Slightly poisonous, green tree viper.
  • Gramatical:
    Also 'shamut'

saaru

I. N

1. animal,bird small wild duck

saasing

I. N

1. animal,fish,food unidentified freshwater fish

sabiiru

I. N

1. animal,health,reptile alligator snapping turtle

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It can be in the swamps, in the creeks or in the rivers. They are huge and look like a log. They dangerous because they can take off your foot or your hand if they bite you.
    The belief is that when it bites it won't let go until the macaw hollers because they are partners, because they have the same head and bill.
    They also say that if you bury and dry the bottom shell you can use that for medicine for asthma and to keep enemies from your door. Not eaten.
  • Gramatical:
    Variant forms: 'sbiiru, shbiiru'.

sabut pronunciación

I. N

2. animal,fish,food,health unidentified fish , [ESP] Guabina
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A freshwater fish which most people eat. Grows up to about 15”. Caught on handlines in rivers and creeks. Reported to sometimes jump out of the water to catch bugs, and that they can catch themselves on a spoon hook the same way. (As of 2008, due to severe declines of all fish stocks, nets were being used, both cast nets and gill nets) Most say there are two classes of sabut: the white sabut and the black sabut. In KR, some call the white one “fall elik,” and some call the black one “swamp elik” or “Simon elik.” Other Ramas say there are three different “sabut”: a short brown and black one with a big head that you don’t eat, a long one, “pluuma,” that is more of a brown color, and which you do eat, and the biggest one, a black one, which many eat. That one is “cabo de hacha” in Spanish. Eating any kind of “sabut” is a remedy for those who suffer from peeing too much.

    Pez de agua dulce que la mayoría de la gente come. Crece hasta 15”. Se pesca con cuerda en los ríos y criques. Se dice que a veces salta del agua para agarrar insectos, y que a veces se atrapa solo en un “anzuelo cuchara”. Desde el 2008 se usan redes (verticales y tarraya), debido a la disminución de todo tipo de peces. Se dice que este pez tiene dos variedades: sabut blanco y sabut negro. En KR, algunos llaman al blanco “fall elik,” y al negro “elik de cienega, o “Simon elik”. Otros dicen que hay tres especies: uno que es café con negro que no se come, otro “pluma,” que se come y que es mas largo y mas café, y el mas grande que es negro, que se llama “cabo de hacha” en español, y que unos comen. Tambien es bueno comer este pez cuando uno orina demasiado.

sahaling

I. N

1. animal,fish,food unidentified freshwater fish

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A fish from upriver in Punta Gorda that comes down with the flood. Usually catch it with net to the bar. Very oily, so not normally eaten in rondon. Eats nice if you score it, salt it, and roast it in a banana leaf or waha leaf. May also salt and roast it over the fire, but oil will drip constantly form the fish.
  • Léxica:
    See also saaling
    Ver también saaling

saliuk

I. N

1. animal,food,hunting,reptile iguana
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Salpka an saliuk itangkit su kurang ikuaakar.
    The fish and the iguana have a back bone on their back.
    El pez y la iguana tienen un hueso en su espalda.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It is an iguana species that is green young and adult. Dry weather, March, especially, is iguana time. Catching them is usually teamwork: If you see one on a tree, one person climbs to shake it off, ad the others strategically place themselves below on the ground and in the creek to try to catch it when it drops. This often means that you have to "dive" it. Either way, you have to try to grab it by the head and the base of the tail. Ramas traditionally don't shoot them to catch them, but Mestizos do. It is a highly desireable meat which was also formerly sold, but which is now (2008) extremely scarce. Iguana can be roasted and then run down with coconut milk and breadkind. Soup is made by boiling the meat until soft, taking it out, and then adding breadkind, rice, and condiments (onion, gourd pepper, sweet pepper, black pepper) to the broth. The you might stew the softened meat separately in coconut milk with breadkind and condiments if you have them. If the iguana had eggs that were still very soft, you would probably stew them along with the softened meat in the coconut milk. The head is usually roasted for the dog.

saliuk aing mumuum nuknuknga

I. N

1. animal,insect unidentified fly

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    One of two flies slightly smaller than a housefly which fly singly and bite. They don't make noise, so the victim is often unaware of their presence until bitten, and it hurts.

saliuk aing mumuum patparnga

I. N

2. animal,insect unidentified fly

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    One of two flies slightly smaller that a house fly which fly singly and bite. They don't make noise, so the victim is often unaware of their presence until bitten, and it hurts.

salpka pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food fish , [ESP] Pez
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Salpka sii ki bii aakri. Paniis ikuaakar, ituk ikwaakar, itris ikuaakaar.
    The fish lives only in the water. It has fins, it has a tail, it has scales.
    El pez vive solamente en el agua. Tiene aletas, tiene una cola, tiene escamas.
  • Salpka aalisba abung uruk su nsuangkingi.
    I hang the dry fish over the fire.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Rama Cay people traditionally spent more of their time fishing and ate more fish than Cane Creek people (who principally ate
    breadkind, especially bananas). "Real tuba," a fresh and brackish water cichlid caught by hook, has always been a favorite fish, usually cooked in rondon. As of 2008, everyone concerned because of greatly decreased fish stocks everywhere due to overfishing, especially commercial fishing, and Mestizos throwing pesticides and herbicides into the creeks and rivers in order to float up the fish. Mestizos have also introduced homemade spearguns ("waterguns" in Kriol) to use to scuba dive fish and freshwater turtles in the creeks and rivers. The Rama have also noted that the heavy deforestation is contributing to creeks and rivers drying up, which is also contributing to decreased fish stock. Because of the difficulty in catching fish by hook for a meal, more people using gill nets and cast nets to fish (vs. hook and handline), even in creeks, which was previously unnecessary and unheard of. This manner of fishing puts further pressure on the fish stock.

    Tradicionalmente la gente de Rama Cay pasaba mucho de su tiempo pescando y comía más pescado que la gente de Cane Creek (principalmente comían bastimentos, especialmente variedades de plátanos). La "Real tuba," es una Cichlidae de agua dulce y salada que se pesca con anzuelo, ha sido siempre un pescado favorito del pueblo Rama, usualmente se cocina en el rondón.

    Desde el 2008, todos estaban preocupados por la gran disminución de las reservas de peces en todas partes debido a la pesca excesiva, especialmente la pesca comercial, y a las prácticas de la población mestiza recién migrada de tirar pesticidas y herbicidas en los criques y ríos para sacar los peces a flote. Los mestizos también han introducido arpones artesanales para pesca de buceo y captura de tortugas de agua dulce en los criques y ríos. Desde el 2009, hay indicios de que los Criollos de Bluefields habían empezado a poner los trasmallos a la orilla del mar fuera de la barra de Hone Sound. El pueblo Rama esta consciente que la deforestación masiva está contribuyendo a secar los criques y ríos, lo que también contribuye a la disminución de las reservas de peces.

    Debido a las dificultades para pescar con anzuelo la comida del día más gente está utilizando redes rastreras verticales y atarraya (vs. Anzuelo y cuerda de pescar), aun en los criques, en los que anteriormente era innecesario y desconocido. Esta manera de pescar pone aun más presión en las reservas de peces. Otra consecuencia es que más Rama consumen especies de pescado que antes no consumían (por ejemplo el “Tungki” anteriormente desdeñado por la mayoría), y también están consumiendo una mayor cantidad de peces de menor tamaño que lo solían hacerlo.
  • Gramatical:
    Has variant pronunciations: 'shalpka' by Rama speakers of mainland south, and various reductions by second language learners of Rama, such as 'sapka' .
  • Léxica:
    Both salpka and tuaa are used in combination with other modifiers to describe fish for which the speaker has no other name, e.g., "tuaa saala" for red snapper (which is also called "snaapa" by some), or "plaanak aing salpka" to describe the machete fish.

salpka kaas

I. N

2. animal,food fish meat

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
salpka kaas
fish meat
Pez

salpka kruk pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food Goliath Grouper, formerly known as Jewfish

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
salpka kruk
fish big
Pez

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    See djupis.

samalung

I. N

1. animal,mammal opposum

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Also smaalung

sarkin

I. N

1. animal,mammal,water whale

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The Whale is supposedly the mananti owner. It is found in the Adam cycle also.

sarkin

I. N

1. animal,reptile boa

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    in Kriol and Miskitu 'woula'.
    homonym with whale?

sarsari

I. N

1. animal,insect sandfly , [CNT. ESP] Familia Phlebotomus
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sarsari aataara. suaataiki yarngutka, angka yumuukit. Untas ki yaakar.
    The sand fly is small. When it over bit you you kayan stand it. It lives on the beach.
    La mosca de arena es pequena. Cuando te pica por todas partes no lo puedes soportar. Vive en la playa.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They drive you crazy. If you get out of your dory on the beach at Hone Sound you are eaten alive by these sandflies.
  • Gramatical:
    Paitial reduplication.
  • Léxica:
    See also 'tartara' for sand fly.

saura

I. N

1. animal,bird heron
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Saura nanaak traali, yalptangi lakuun skaik, tiisanga ki itraali. Kabiis tuuru bayalpi traali. Ikat suma aingu.
    This heron (garling) flies about, drops down the edge of the lagoon, and walks on the shore. It looks for little shrimps. It has a long leg, that's why.
    Esta garza vuela alrededor, desciende a la orilla de la laguna y camina en la playa. Busca camarones pequeños, chacalines. Por eso tiene patas largas.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They are not hunted nor eaten.

saura ngarngaringis

I. N

1. animal,bird species of heron

Composicion:

expression

saura parnga

I. N

1. animal,bird species of heron

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
saura parnga
heron black

saura pluuma

I. N

1. animal,bird species of heron

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
saura pluuma
heron white

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Probably not as common now (2009) as cattle egrets, which are similar-looking to most people.
  • Léxica:
    "gaalu" also heard.

sibaaba

I. N

1. animal,bird cormorant

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They are a common sight sitting around on rocks inn the lagoon with their wings outstretched.

sii aing aalbut

I. N

1. animal,fish eel , [ESP] Anguila
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Aalbut sii ki ka sii ki bii aakari. Kauling aa yarnguli.
    The water snake stays always in the water. He no bite people.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
sii aing aalbut
water of snake

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    See also 'aalbut sii ki ka' with the same meaning.

siipungku

I. N

1. animal,water small water duck

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    We can recognize the initial 'sii-' as water, but 'pungku' cannot appear alone. Also known as 'diving duck'.

siirik pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food machaca , [ESP] Machaca
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tuuk uup tuktiinma uriaatingka sii ki, siri kwsi.
    When the ripe fig seed drop in the water, the machaca eat it.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A popular food fish, a freshwater fish which is traditionally caught principally by handline. (As of 2008 more people were fishing in creeks and rivers with gill nets and cast nets due to the greatly reduced number of all fish) It has a lot of bones, so is scored very finely before cooking. Most people make fresh fish soup with it (soup is made with coconut milk, but is of thinner consistency than rondon) and season it with fitz bush (also called wild culantro). Also eaten fried; some don't like to fry it because a lot of oil pops up while doing so.
    Pescado popular de agua dulce que se encuentra principalmente en los criques y rios, y no en la laguna, y que tradicionalmente se pesca con cuerda. (En el 2008 mucha gente lo agarraba con redes debido a la reducción en el número de peces). Tiene muchos huesos, por eso se hacen cortes bien finos en la carne antes de cocinarlo. La mayoría de la gente hace sopa de pescado con él (la sopa se hace con leche de coco, pero es menos espesa que el rondón), y se sazona con culantro. También se come frito; a algunos no les gusta freírlo porque el aceite popea mucho cuando se hace.
  • Léxica:
    machaca in Spanish for this fish, and also a Latino beef dish

siisik

I. N

1. animal,insect unidentified black biting fly

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A black fly with a mean bite that looks like a black version of the yellow guana fly. Both are a litle smaller than a house fly.

siisu aing triisu pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food shad species
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:

    One of two similar shad fish. This one is rounder and lighter in color than the lagoon shad. Netted and eaten or sold. Popular to fry and eat with boiled cassava. Both are often caught together in Wiring Cay lagoon, especially when the rainy season starts. Some say that when you eat the little ones, your mouth itches.

    Uno de los dos tipos de palometa. Este es redondeado y de color más claro que el de la laguna. Se agarra con red para comer y vender. Popularmente se fríe y come con yuca hervida. Ambos tipos se agarran a menudo juntos en la laguna de Wiring Cay, especialmente cuando comienzan las lluvias. Algunos dicen que cuando se comen pequeños se siente picazón en la boca.

siita

I. N

1. animal,food,shellfish oyster
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sii alsakatkutka, siita mliis baing aapulki.
    When the tide is low, one can pick oysters good.
  • Naas almtung siita naaplukbang.
    I bend down to pick oysters.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Important food for Rama Cay not for the other Ramas because they are found only in the lagoon. It is an important source of income for women because they sell them in Bluefields.
    They are usually eaten in a soup with coconut milk. As with cockle, when the water is deep it is hard and dangerous to pick them because you have to dive and there is more danger of stingrays and sharks.
    A traditional belief is that if a woman has just picked oysters (or cockles) in cold water , she should not nurse her baby because she would give it a cold.

siita airi

I. N

1. animal,food,shellfish oyster soup

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The soup is made with rice boiled in water, salt, and onion and/or black pepper if you have them. At the end you drop in the oysters and basil leaves and add some coconut milk.

siita uuk

I. N

1. animal,body,shellfish oyster shell
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Siita uuk uruk su nitraatsu, nkaat saa siita u nalngatku.
    I walked on the oysters shells and I cut the sole of my foot on the oysters.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
siita uuk
oyster shell

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There were previously two islands and a missionary had them fill in the space in between with oyster shells to make one island, Rama Cay. See the Rama Cay song: 'We have oyster shells; we have cockle shells to tough up the land."

sii uumut

I. N

1. animal,insect smelling wasp
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sii uumut ingiit puksak ikuaakar yaap su, parnga nuknuknga. sii su kat aap su inguu iparki.
    This wasp has two lines on the body, black and yellow. It builds its nest on the river on the tree.

sii uut

I. N

1. animal,insect army ants , [ESP] Hormiga guerrera, marabunta
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sii uut nupisba yarnguli.
    The marching ants are brown.
    Estas hormigas son de color cafe.

sikla

I. N

1. animal,bird small migratory bird

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It is a little migratory bird.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu.

siksam pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food a kind of needlefish , [ESP] Pez aguja (tipo de)
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A sea/lagoon fish that is usually netted. Some eat it when it is large. Small fish of any kind are often cooked for the dogs or used for bait.
    Pez de mar y laguna que generalmente se agarra con redes. Algunos lo comen si es bien grande, pero generalmente se come frito; no se come en rondon. Los peces pequeños de cualquier tipo por lo general se cocinan para los perros o son usados como carnada. No obstante, en 2009, más de una vez se notó que la gente esta comiendo cualquier especie de pescado y de cualquier tamaño.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu.

siksik

I. N

1. animal,bird,dom. chicken
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Siksik ikaalkup u yalplangi. Yurnga bayalpi.
    The chicken scratches with his claw. He is looking for food.
    La gallina rasca con sus garras. Busca comida.
  • Siksik kaabi yaat uuk yaarikbaakiri, tabiibang.
    The baby chick just broke the egg shell to come out.
    El pollito acaba de quebrar el cascaron para salir.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Women raise chickens sometimes if they have corn to feed them, though they will feed them rice when they don't. They sell the eggs in Bluefields. They usually don't eat eggs, and rarer yet kill chickens to eat. Rice is sometimes jokingly referred to as "siksik urnga," chicken food.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common with animal names.

sikuku pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food sheephead , [ESP] Diente de Mico
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sikuku tuaa isii. Haap kutkabisang ngiitniitwa.
    The sheephead is like a tuba. Half round with stripes.
    Se parece ala tuba. Es medio redondeado con rayas.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Sea fish to eat. You catch it with a hook using shrimp and little beach crabs for bait. Also in the lagoon and at the river bar when the water is salty. Weighs up to about two pounds.

    Pescado de mar comestible. Se pesca con anzuelo con cebo de chacalines o pequenos cangrejos de la playa. Se encuentra tambien en la laguna y en la barra del rio cuando el agua esta salada. Pesa aproximadamente dos libras.
  • Gramatical:
    Partial and uncommon reduplication : usually the first part is reduplicated.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu.

singaring

I. N

1. animal,mammal small bat

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Small bats often live in the roofs of thatched houses, flying in and out during the evening and night. Various bats, small brown rats, birds, and raccoons eat bananas that have been hung by the bunch in the house as they ripen.

sinsak

I. N

1. animal,bird bird
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sinsak kukatwa. Kukat u inganaaki.
    A bird is with wings. With the wings he flies.
    Un ave tiene alas. Con las alas vuela.
  • Tiiskibalut ngalingup aapulki, sinsak yuankangkama awas u.
    The children pick up the stones to strike the birds with a slingshot.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Generic name for birds. Some are specified by adding adjectives, such as "singsak saala," (bird red); many are specified by a name that is onomatopoetic, often reduplicated. Birds are traditionally very important in the belief system, in tales, and as good or bad omens, and a number are eaten, though as of 2008, the preferred wild food birds had become very scarce. Are also the source of sport for young boys with slinghots.
  • Léxica:
    Also "singsak."

sinsinba

I. N

1. animal,insect striker mosquito
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sinsinma seem miuk isii, barka pluuma, isiik suma ikuaakar. Ma yarngutka ma ngulsyuungi kaabi.
    The striker mosquito is like a mosquito fly but it is white and it has long teeth. When they bite you, they bore you, it feels like.

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common to animals. Has a variant 'sinsinma' surely due to nasal influence.

sinup kraa

I. N

1. animal,bird small parakeet with a fine long tail

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Literally, this bird is addicted to swampwood seeds

smaaru

I. N

1. animal,insect cicada

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Called 'head and tail light bug' in Kriol.

snaapa pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food snapper , [ESP] Pargo
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Snaapa salpka yaap kaski saala. Ipang skaa su nsut sauk kiingaka. sukwii.
    The snapper is a fish (that has) a pure red body. Around the edge of the island we fish it. We catch it.
    El pargo tiene el cuerpo rojo. Lo pescamos en la orilla del mar.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Investigadores Comunitarios:
    March, April, and May are the best months to catch snapper with a hook. Rama children go out in dories to fish for it, or sit on rocks and fish for it when the sun isn’t too hot. Tourists go to the islands around Rama Cay to fish for
    snapper for sport.

    Se pesca o captura en marzo, abril y mayo, son los meses más favorables de captura con anzuelo. Los niños Rama salen en cayucos a pescarlos o se sientan en las rocas, cuando no hace mucho sol. Los turistas llegan a las islas cercanas a Rama Cay para hacer pesca turística del pargo.
  • Etnográfica:
    Sea and lagoon fish. There are many different
    kinds, but they are not usually differentiated linguistically by the Rama. If asked, usually will identify two or three different ones by adding, for example, “saala” for red snapper, “tuk nuknuknga” for yellowtail,” or “tataara” for a big sea “snapa” (up to 30 pounds)
    that sometimes comes into the lagoon. This latter one is described
    as whitish with pretty greenish lines on the face. Highly desirable to
    eat and to sell. As of 2009, reported that almost all snapper is sold
    in Bluefields (18 córdobas/lb.). Small ones are sold on Rama Cay
    for 10 córdobas/lb. The best time to catch snapper with a hook is
    in dry weather (March – May), or September – October, when the
    sea is smooth.

    Pez de mar y laguna. Hay diferentes tipos, pero generalmente los Rama no lo diferencian lingüísticamente. Si se les pregunta, generalmente identifican dos o tres tipos agregando, por ejemplo, “saala” para el pargo rojo, “tuk nuknuknga” para la cola amarilla, o “tataara” para indicar un “snapa” muy grande del mar que suele a veces entrar en la laguna. Se dice que este es blancuzco, con la cara rayada en verde de una manera muy bonita. Muy apreciado para comer y vender. En el 2009, se reporta que casi todo se vende en Bluefields (18 córdobas/libra), y que los pequeños se venden en Rama Cay a 10 córdobas la libra. La pesca con anzuelo es mejor cuando el mar esta liso, Marzo - Mayo, y Septiembre – Octubre.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (snapper).
  • Léxica:
    Also "tuaa saala"

soodya

I. N

1. animal,shellfish hermit crab

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from English 'soldier. ' See also 'krais aap biibing,' 'krais siktakba.'

spaapa

I. N

1. animal,food,reptile male iguana

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Ramas think it is a male iguana, but it is a different species. It is blackish as adult and bright green as young. They eat it.

sriin

I. N

1. animal,bird rain bird

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Swallow like bird. You see them when it is going to rain, or raining.

srung

I. N

1. animal,food,shellfish small surf clam, coquina
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Braukubliis kalkaup srung airi yunsuuungi.
    We make ahi soup with fitsbush.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    You dig them out from the sand on the ocean beach. Very small. You can make soup with them but it is traditionally thick like porridge, made with grated green plantain to which your condiments (small red peppers, onion, black pepper, basil or culantro...) and coconut milk are added. The other, more modern way (which is preferred nowadays by many) is rice-based, i.e., there is no grated green plantain or other breadkind in the soup. In either case, the ahi are first put in hot or boiling water to open, and the meat is picked out. The water (hopefully minus as much sand as possible) is then the soup base to which either the grated plantain or rice is added. The ahi meat is added at the end. (See srung airi.) Not found in the lagoon; found on ocean beaches: Hone Sound Bar beach, and points south such as Monkey Point Beach, Long Beach, etc. Picked in dry weather, e.g., March-May; Sept. As of 2008, ahi had become scarce. First, there was the effect of the hurricane, but worse, Mestizos lately had been introduced to ahi, and had begun to harvest it by shoveling the sand into containers with holes, and then pouring water through. They were therefore harvesting much greater quantities at a time. Long Beach was formerly a favorite location for good ahi-hunting, but no longer.
  • Léxica:
    Very commonly pronounced "shrung," or "shuruung." "Ahi" in KR., borrowed from Miskitu.

srung airi

I. N

1. animal,food,shellfish ahi soup
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Braukubliis kalkaup srung airi yunsuuungi.
    We make ahi soup with fitsbush.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
srung airi
small surf clam, coquina soup

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    To make this soup you have to put the ahi in hot water until the shells open, and then you have to pick out the ahi and clean off the sand. Then you grate green plantain and cook it in the water to make the thick soup base. Add seasonings you have such as salt, black pepper, sweet red pepper, onion, culantro, and at the end you add the ahi. Mostly eaten by Ramas that live in Monkey Point and Cane Creek.
  • Gramatical:
    Variant form 'surung'.

sukling

I. N

1. animal,frog toad
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sukling taara, barka aa suataiki. Parnga. Ikauni `kurr' `kurr' `kurr'.
    "The black toad is big but not so big. It is black. He sings, ""kurr kurr kurr""."

2. animal,frog frog

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    ba/ Borrowed from Miskitu sukling, where it is also generic for many speakers. Close to a generic word for frogs and toads in Rama. Use the word toad in Kriol as a generic for frogs and toads.

sukling nuknuknga

I. N

1. animal,frog little yellow frog

sukling pekpekba

I. N

1. animal,frog small green frog

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Can come into the house, and be found on the roof.
  • Léxica:
    Can also be called just by the sound 'pekpek'.

sukmurk

I. N

1. animal,frog spring chicken toad
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sukmurk 'sukmurk' yaungi yirii ki yaakitka.
    The spring toad says 'sukmruk sukmurk' when it is in the swamp.

Pictures/Imagenes:

II. onom.

1. sukmurk

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Has red eyes and yellow stripes. This animal is called by the sound it makes.
  • Gramatical:
    Onomatopea.
    Also 'sukmuruk' 'shukmurk'.

suknguang

I. ADJ

2. measuring very small

3. young

II. N

1. animal animal baby

2. human baby

suksuk

I. N

1. animal,mammal raccoon
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Suksuk aap niitniitwa bii.
    The body of the racoon is a striped one too.
    El cuerpo del mapache es rayado también.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Supposedly old time people had them in the house as house guards.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication.

suleeru

I. N

1. animal,reptile a type of lizard

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A type of colorful shiny lizard found in the bush which moves rather like a snake. The colors resemble the markings of the coral snake.
  • Léxica:
    Also "suleera." For some the same as 'kiibanga' lizard. Book photo is "coral-mimic galliwasp" in English. Some say this is "gelliwaaz" in Rama; others say "gelliwaaz" is Kriol for the turnip-tailed gecko, "ngaliis kwiiksa" in Rama.

sulin

I. N

1. animal,body horn

sulkup kiskis

I. N

1. animal,body pincher

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
sulkup kiskis
finger tongs

sungsung

I. N

1. animal,bird fish hawk

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication commonly found in animal names.

susungula

I. N

1. animal,insect small yellow bee
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Susungula yuut tiiskiba nuknuknga yuut. Yirii yungka, pwaatpa.
    This bee is a little yellow bee. When it makes its juice (honey), it is sweet.

suuk

I. N

1. animal,mammal rat
Pictures/Imagenes:

suula mamaama

I. N

1. animal,mammal tame deer

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
suula mamaama
deer tame

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    In old times, people migh keep a baby deer around the house.

suula mamaama aing tuaa pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish goatfish
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    a small sea and lagoon fish with tow lower barbs on the chin; not generally consumed, but boiled for the dog.
  • Léxica:
    Composed from "goat" + fish. Also suula mamaama salpka, got aing tuaa, salpka muniswa

suula pluuma

I. N

1. animal,mammal white deer

suula saala

I. N

1. animal,mammal red deer

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
suula saala
deer red

suula sulin

I. N

1. animal,body,health deer horn

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
suula suliin
deer horn

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used in the making of some medicine? (the actual horn or the plant called deer horn tree?)

suuli

I. N

1. animal animal

suuli kaas

I. N

1. animal,body,food meat

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The preferred meats are wari and turtle. Rama Cay people eat more meat and fish than Cane Creek people, who believe that it rottens up your guts to eat too much of either. They eat mostly bananas.

suulup kabungkabung

I. N

1. animal,shellfish fiddler crab

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Jokingly called Fidel Castro. Used for fish bait.

suuran

I. N

1. animal,bird small mountain hen

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A quail-sized ground-dwelling bird that is hunted and eaten.

taalu

I. N

1. animal,bird duck
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Taalu sii su traali, lakun su itraali. Nkiiknadut ai anpiaka, rais anpiaka, sai psutki yalptangka, ikwsi rais, ai kwsi.
    The bush duck walks in the river and the lagoon. When men plant rice and corn, when its drops in the ground he eats it.
    El pato de monte camina en el rio y la laguna. Cuando se siembra el arroz y el maíz, se come los granos caídos en la tierra.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Ducks are numerous in Wiring Cay. Many Ramas do not eat duck; others will eat wild duck, but not domesticated duck.

taapum pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food tarpon , [ESP] Sábalo Real
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Taapum salpka taara. Itris aatiiskiba ikuaakar. Kiiknadut mlingka, nsut sungi.
    The tarpoon is a big fish. He has big scales. When the men kill it, we see it.
    El ´sabalo real es un pez grande. Tiene escamas grandes. cuando los hombres lo matan, nosotros los vemos.
  • Taapum sii anang bi aakari.
    The tarpoon lives only in deep water.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They have to strike it with a harpoon. A very large sport fish very hard to catch. They usually eat it as tarpon hash: you hang the meat over the fire to roast, mince it and add coconut milk and and salt, along with onion and black pepper if you have them.
    Also called 'uup taara' and 'uupbal'. "Taapam Lagun" is near Cane Creek. Sometimes you see big tarpon jump there.
    Lo matan con arpón. Un pez grande apreciado en la pesca deportiva y difícil de capturar. Cuando logran conseguir uno, se lo comen. No hay nada de “pescar y soltar”. Generalmente lo comen como picadillo de tarpón: se ahuma la carne sobre el fuego, se pica y se le agrega leche de coco y sal junto con cebollas y pimienta negra si se tienen. Sin embargo, hoy en dia, dicen que tambien se come fresco. Algunas veces se ve un sabalo real saltando en la Laguna de Wiring Cay.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from English (tarpon). Also used in Miskitu.

taasup pliis

I. N

1. animal,reptile wood turtle spp.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
taasup pliis
hill

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Small turtle up in the woodland; stays mostly on land, but sometimes goes in the water. Not generally eaten.

taau psuk

I. N

1. animal baby worm

taik

I. N

1. space end

2. geo point

4. space edge

5. animal,body,human nose

5. bird,body the feathers just above a bird's bill

taimyang

I. N

1. animal,insect black wasp
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Taimyang uumut barka parnga. Nisataaki uumut aakar. Taimka untas ki susungi, lakuun aik susungi. Taimka kukunup aap su inguu iparki.
    This kind of wasp is a wasp but black. There are all kinds of wasps. Sometines we see it on the beach or we see it on the lagoon. Sometimes it build its nest on the coconut tree.

2. animal,insect wasp

taimyang nuknuknga

I. N

1. animal,insect yellow wasp

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
taimyang nuknuknga
black wasp yellow

taiski

I. N

2. animal,fish,food guapote , [ESP] Guapote
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Taiski salpka sii su ka. Taiski mliima. Yaaluk aa kuaakar. Ikaas baingbi ikuaakar.
    The guapote is a river fish. The guapote is good. It no have no bone. It have plenty flesh.
    El guapote es un pez de río. El guapote es bueno. No tiene huesos y tiene mucha carne.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    You usually have to go far far up in the creek to find it. A special treat to eat; caught on a hook.
    As of 2008, lamented as yet another fish that is virtually no longer around.

    Cichlidae colorida, azulada y grande. Hay que ir bien largo crique arriba para encontrarlo. Muy apetecido para comer. Se pesca con anzuelo con chacalines de rio o grillos como cebo Se puede comer fresco, o se sala, y se cocina la mañana siguiente en rondón con coco y banano verde. Desde el 2008 es lamentablemente otro de los peces que ya no se ve en los alrededores.
  • Léxica:
    Also "sahsing" from Miskitu.
    "guapote" in Sp.

takayak

I. N

1. animal,shellfish land crab
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Takayak ngaling tupki aakituing sii su kuyaanik.
    This crab lives under rocks way up in the river.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Not distinguished from 'wairu' crab by younger people. This is the bush land crab that lives on high land way up in the creek. Most people won't eat it, but will eat krais and wairu, although only the legs (and the big claw for the krais) Miskitu and Sumu will eat them, and the whole crab. This crab is the food for the kulmang, the "perry people," (fairy people, likened to the Spanish duende.)
  • Léxica:
    Also kyak. See also 'krais' and 'wairu.'

takrak

I. N

1. animal,bird type of bird

tangsuuru

I. N

1. animal,insect needle case/dragonfly , [ESP] Libelula
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tangsuuru yaap suma. Ikukat pluuma aa pamama ngasngaasang.
    The needle case body is long. Its wings are white and is not thick but is thin thin.
    El cuerpo de la libelula es largo. Sus alas son blancas y no son gruesas sino bien delgadas.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Said to be good luck when they fly in your house. As of 2009 noted that there are not as many around as previously, at least by Rama Cay residents. Not used for fishing.
  • Léxica:
    Also tangsiiru

tankeli

I. N

1. animal,reptile baselisk

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A type of lizard somewhat like an iguana, but smaller. usually not eaten.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Kriol; usually "kraana" or "ishalii" in Rama.

tartara

I. N

1. animal,insect sand fly , [ESP] Mosca de arena
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Turturu tartara.
    little black sand fly/river fly
    Mosca de arena pequena y negra.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    River sandfly, smaller than sarsari, the "regular" sandfly. It's a little black fly that bites and leaves a drop of blood on our skin.
  • Léxica:
    Tartara from Walter/Nora. Turturu the Cane Creek pronunciation.

tauli aing albut

I. N

1. animal,fish saltwater eel

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This refers to saltwater eels, most likely moray eels from the description. Most likely it does not refer to true sea snakes, which do not appear to have been reported in this region. People from Cane Creek and Aguila say that they don't like to walk in the water near the rocks close to shore because of "tauli aing albut." No known case of being bitten, but they would be formidable-looking if seen.
    Se refiere a las anguilas de agua salada, lo más probable a la morena de la descripción. Se dice que se parece a la barba amarilla (fer- de- lance). Probablemente no se refiere a las verdaderas culebras de mar que no parecen haber sido reportadas en la región. La gente de Cane Creek y Bangkukuk Taik dicen que no les gusta caminar en el agua cerca de las rocas próximas a la costa porque hay tauli aing albut. No se conocen casos de mordeduras, la descripción sería formidable de haberse visto.
  • Léxica:
    See "albut sii ki ka," "sii aing albut," "tukbut."

tauli aing butku

I. N

1. animal,bird sea pigeon

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
tauli aing butku
sea of sea pigeon (Kr)

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    See butku.

tauli aing kabiis

I. N

1. animal,food,shellfish sea shrimp
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tauli aing kabiis lakuun ki taukka kiiknalut kuu maukal u anpaayakama.
    The ocean shrimp when it come in the lagoon, the men catch it with a net for them to sell.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
tauli aing kabiis
breakers of shrimp

tauli aing kabiis tataara

I. N

1. animal,food,shellfish ocean lobster
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tauli aing kabiis tataara ngunis sumsuma puksak ikuaakari.
    The ocean lobster has two long beard (antennas).
    La langosta de mar tiene dos grandes antenas.
  • Tauli aing kabiis lakuun ki taukka kiiknalut kuu maukal u anpaayakama.
    The ocean shrimp when it come in the lagoon, the men catch it with a net for them to sell.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
tauli aing kabiis tataara
breakers of shrimp very big

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Ramas are not lobster people. Very, very few, if any, have ever dived lobster, and only a couple set lobster pots out in the ocean. They do not consume it, either, as they would have to buy it in town, and it would be prohibitively expensive.
  • Gramatical:
    Neologism.

tauli aing walsa

I. N

1. animal,fish manta ray/sea devil

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Huge single manta rays (can grow up to 22 feet across) used to be seen off and on out to sea, and in Monkey Point Harbor. Rama described them as being"as big as a house top." But as of 2008, no longer appear to be around. Never pursued for food or for market, which would have been done by striking them with a harpoon as are other large fish. Belief that the danger from them is that either they will fly out of the water and land on your boat, sinking it down, or that they will grab you with the two "hooks" in front (cepahalic lobes) and haul you out to sea.
    Enorme manta raya (puede crecer hasta 22 pies de ancho) se solia ver adentro en el mar y en el puerto de monkey Point. Las describen tan grandes como el techo de una casa. En el 2008 parecía no haber en los alrededores. No se capturan para comer o para vender, si se caza se hace golpeándola con el arpón como se hace con los peces grandes.Se cree que el peligro es vuela y aterriza en el bote hundiéndolo y arrastrándote al mar con sus dos cachos )lóbulos cefálicos.
  • Léxica:
    Walsa borrowed from Miskitu.

tauli kamiis kamiis

I. N

1. animal,body unidentified small shorebird

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A small shorebird such as a sandpiper
  • Léxica:
    Only heard with "sh" and not "s"

tauli kraana

I. N

1. animal,reptile sea iguana

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
tauli kraana
sea lizard/baselisk

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Only found in beach communities such as Cane Creek. They jump in off th etree and into the sea and swim around and are not desirous to eat.

tauli tupki ka kat

I. N

1. animal,sea coral

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Literally 'tree from under the sea'.

tauli uut

I. N

1. animal,insect ship worm

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Salt water worms that eat boats.
    Some people call the boys from Cane Creek 'sea weebles' because they are extremely adept seamen and fishermen in the sea, as well as expert turtle strikers.
  • Léxica:
    Also said 'tauli aing uut'.

tausung

I. N

1. animal,hunting,mammal dog
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tausung ngulkang ngaungup imaat inguuki.
    The dog smells the wari scent.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    People who can, have hunting dogs, which are usually small. Good hunting dogs are highly valued, if not always well treated.
  • Léxica:
    RCC uses "shuku" for dog, especially a small one. Ulwa "sulu" from Nahuatl xulo. Yul in Miskitu.

tausung aing kuung

I. N

1. animal,insect dog lice , [ESP] Pulga
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Paak tausung aing kuung. Paak ngaara tingka, angka mkamii kiikik. Aamliika kalma psutki.
    The flea is the dog louse. When they get plenty you cannot sleep in the night. It feel bad in your dress.
    La pulga es el piojo de los perros. Cuando tienen muchas no pueden dormir en la noche. Se siente mal en tu ropa.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
tausung aing kuung
dog of lice

tawaina pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish sawfish
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tawaina uut uruk su tabiika, uut ingarngi, uut yatarki, angka kiibi yalngaangi.
    The sawfish when the dory gets up on it, it hits the dory, it splits the dory so it can't float straight.
    Cuando el cayuco choca con un pez sierra este lo golpea y lo parte y ya no puede flotar.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Until the addition of sawfish fins to the sharkfin trade (i.e., up into the 80s), they were a common sight in the shallow water along the beach down the coast. There used to be a lot of them in Cane Creek and boys would try to chop off their saws with machetes just for play. As of 2008, very scarce.
    Desde que las aletas de pez sierra entraron al mercado de aleta de tiburón (Ej. durante los años ochenta), era común verlos en las aguas poco profundas a lo orilla de la playa. Había muchos en Cane Creek y los muchachos se divertían tratando de cortarles las sierras con machetes. En el 2008 eran muy escasos. Antes, casi no se comía, pero ahora, como otros peces, si los capturan, lo irán comiendo más y más.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu (tuwaina).

tiktik

I. N

1. animal,insect leafcutter ant , [ESP] Zompopo
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tiktik paapu bii barka saala. Tiktik kalka kaa ingatik traali. Yaing kaanu ki yaapauki.
    The wiwi is an ant too but it is red. It go cut leaves about. It put it in its nest.
    La wiwi (el zompopo) es tambien una hormiga pero es roja. Va a cortar las hojas. Alli hace su nido.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They worry about this wiwi ant destroying their food crops.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common in animal names.

tiltilba

I. N

1. animal,body small black bird, unidentified

tisbaba

I. N

1. animal,reptile a kind of snake

titilba

I. N

1. animal,bird unidentified black bird

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    One of several grackle-sized black birds around creeks and rivers

titinba

I. N

1. animal,bird hummingbird

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    There are many different kinds. There is a month when they cover the swampwood tree all over.

tkustkus

I. N

1. animal,mammal rabbit
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They don't raise them. Not a common animal.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common in animal names.

tkutkut

I. N

1. animal,bird a brown and blue bird

triisu pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food shad or Atlantic spadefish , [ESP] Palometa
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Triisu salpka pluuma aataara. Nikrulut paaya sut Rama kang ansungka.
    The stone bass is a small white fish. The Creole people buy it from us Rama when they see it.
    La palometa es un pequeño pez blanco. Los Creole se lo compran a los Rama cuando lo ven.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Generic for two similar smallish striped fish caught and consumed year around, the river triisu, and the lagoon triisu. The river triisu is rounder and lighter. The lagoon triisu is less round and darker. Very nice fried and served with boiled cassava.
    Es el genérico para los dos peces rayados pequeños que se agarran y consumen todo el año, el triisu de río y el de laguna. El de río es redondeado y claro. El triisu de laguna es menos redondo y oscuro. Es muy sabroso frito y servido con yuca hervida, pero dicen que comerlos muy pequeños da picazón en la boca.
  • Léxica:
    See "lakun aing triisu" and "siisu aing triisu."

trimit

I. N

1. animal,bird small snipe

truu pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,fishing,food unidentified small cichlid
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A small creek and river fish not normally eaten unless nothing better is caught. Also used for bait. Some say there are two different, but similar fish: "truu" and "shine truu." (RCK), "kuntrayak" (R) or "kontrayya" (also RCK). The "shine truu" by definition would have shinier scales. Others, however, say, "truu is truu," meaning that there is only one kind of truu.
    Pez pequeño de crique y río, no es para comer a menos que no se haya encontrado otra cosa mejor. Se usa para carnada. Algunos dicen que hay dos tipos diferentes pero muy similares "truu" y "truu brillante". Por definición esta última tiene escamas brillantes. Otros dicen "truu es truu," para indicar que sólo hay una variedad.
  • Léxica:
    See "kuntrayak."

tuaa pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food cichlid species , [ESP] Mojarra
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tuaa salpka parnga. Ingut saala. Taalingi yaap kaski parnga.
    The tuba is a black fish. His face is red. For some the body is pure black.
    La mojarra es un pez negro. Su cara es roja. Algunos son totalmente negros.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The Rama have several categories of tuba. This is the largest one. It is often caught in the lagoon, rivers, and creeks, and usually cooked in rundown. Tuba "pick" (bite) well on bait such as the brown "dirt" worms with the "red" head.
    Los Rama tienen varias categorías para la tuba. Esta es la más grande. Se encuentra a menudo en las lagunas, ríos y criques y generalmente se cocina en el rondón. La tuba pica bien las carnadas de gusanos con cabeza roja.
  • Léxica:
    Miskitu borrowing. Also called tuaa parnga.

tuaa pluuma pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish drummer species

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A type of drummer, not as fat as raukrauk. Sold and consumed. Spoils quickly.
    Una especie de pez tambor, blanco, no tan graso como el raukrauk. Para vender y consumir. Se daña muy rápido.

tuaa saala pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food a cichlid species , [ESP] Cichlid spp

2. animal,fish,food red snapper , [ESP] Pargo Rojo

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This tuba has a red eye, and is a little smaller than the black tuba (the "real" tuba.). A lagoon, creek and river fish caught and usually eaten in rundown.
    Also used by some for "red snapper." There are several sea fish that are composites based on "tuaa," indicating that the rama were probably not originally sea people.
    Tuaa Saala puede referirse a dos peces distintos, mojarra, y pargo. Cuando se refiere a la mojarra, se cocina en el rondón. Algunos hablantes lo usan para referirse al “pargo rojo.” Hay varios tipos. Esta tiene el ojo rojo y es más pequeña que la tuba negra (la “verdadera” tuba). Se encuentra a menudo en las lagunas, ríos y criques. Generalmente los peces de mar tienen nombres compuestos con la palabra “tuaa” y esto podría indicar que el pueblo Rama originalmente no era un pueblo marinero.
  • Léxica:
    Also (tuaa) yuup saala. Miskitu borrowing.
    También yuup saala. Préstamo del Miskitu.

tuakukwaut

I. N

1. animal,frog small black toad
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tuakukwaut sii aataska yaaksi.
    When it rains this frog sings.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Little black and blue frog that likes to peg up on trees. Makes a lot of noise. Called in Kriol 'tuba ears'.

tuk

I. N

1. animal,body tail

2. body,human buttock

3. tail end

4. end

5. space back

tukbut pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,food eel, mudfish , [ESP] Anguila, pez lodo
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tukbut salpka aalbut isii. Kauling aa kwsi.
    The eel is a fish like a snake. People don't eat it.
    La anguila es un pez parecido a la culebra. La gente no se la come.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Not sought after; eaten by some. Usually cooked by roasting in a waha leaf.
    No es muy buscado, algunos lo comen. Generalmente se cocina asado en una hoja de bijagua. En el 2009 se nota su escacez.
  • Léxica:
    Can also be called 'aalbut sii ki ka' (literally 'the snake from the water') or 'sii aing aalbut' (literally 'water snake').
    BA: Also takbut, tagbut, muulung maama. Some also say it is muulung, most likely collapsing freshwater eel and mudfish into one. See takbut, tagbut, mulung.

tukmamam

I. N

1. animal,bird unidentfied falcon or hawk

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Hawk or falcon with white neck. Speakers usually pick out the collared forest-falcon from bird books.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication commonly found in animal names.

tulintulin

I. N

1. animal,bird sunbittern

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A large fan-tailed wading bird found in the more open areas upstream (i.e., not in the swamps). Head like a heron, body more like a duck. Beautiful sunburst colors on the wings when spread. Never common, but virtually gone as of 2008.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common to animal names.
    Identified by some as tuulin.

tulmakas

I. N

1. animal,health scorpion
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tulumkas ituk u ma yarunguli.
    The scorpion bites you with its tail.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Probably the big black scorpion from the bush (while you are more likely to find the smaller brownish scorpion in the house). They are poisonous but not as dangerous as the ones from Africa.

tulura

I. N

1. animal,reptile crocodile
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kauling tulura malngi yuuk kama, yuuk anpaayai.
    People kill the crocodile for its skin and they sell the skin.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Not nearly as common as caimans (alligator). Both hunted for their hides to sell in Bluefields.

tungki pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish Small saltwater catfish. small bagre , [ESP] Bagre (pequeño)
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Tungki lakuun taara psutki bii aakar. Kauling tungki aa kwsi. Yaaluk tiiskiba ikuaakar itangkit su. Taimka ma ngulsyuungi.
    The small bagre live only in the lagoon. People don't eat it. He has a little bone on his back. Sometimes he strike (bore) you.
    El bagre pequeño sólo vive en la laguna. La gente no se lo come. Tiene un hueso pequeño en la espalda. A veces te aguijonea.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Also called 'small catfish." It mostly stays in the sea, but goes in the lagoon and upriver in the dry season. It has a big "bone" (i.e., top fin) on top. You have to kill it to take out the hook, and chop off the head. It is not generally a preferred fish, but is usually eaten fried by those who do eat it. Miskitu people do eat it, so those Rama with Miskitu roots are the ones most likely to eat it. Miskitu used to change snook for tungki.
    También llamado "pez gato pequeño". Permanece más en el mar, pero sube a la laguna y río arriba en la época seca. Tiene un gran “hueso” (Ej. aleta superior) encima. Hay que matarlo para quitarle el anzuelo y cortarle la cabeza. No es un pez apetecido, pero por lo general los que lo comen lo fríen. Desde el 2008, se ha visto disminuir las variedades de peces. Ahora se comen peces que antes no se comían. Miskitos y Rama con raíces Miskitas son los que más lo comen. Los Miskitos solían intercambiar el róbalo por el bagre. Se dice que se vende a buen precio en Costa Rica.
  • Léxica:
    Also "tongki." Borrowed from Miskitu. Both Rama and Kriol. See also 'walah'.

turinturin

I. N

1. animal,bird type of bird

turkikik

I. N

1. animal,bird ants bird (Kr)

tusku

I. N

1. animal dog, puppy

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Old Rama word for dog; tausung more commonly used now.
  • Léxica:
    Rama Cay English routinely uses "shuku" for dog, a term which is not recognized by other varieties of Kriols on the Coast.

tut

I. N

2. animal,bird oropendula

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Oropendula that build hanging nests in colonies in tall trees. Do not live in the swamps but more in the woodland areas.
  • Gramatical:
    Minimal pair with 'tuut' (fig).
  • Léxica:
    Sometimes translated as warbler, but that is ngwiis.

tuulin

I. N

1. animal,bird sunbittern

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A large fan-tailed wading bird found in the more open areas upstream (i.e., not in the swamps). Head like a heron, body more like a duck. Beautiful sunburst colors on the wings when spread. Never common, but virtually gone as of 2008.
  • Léxica:
    Identified by some as the same as tulintulin.

twisaksak

I. N

1. animal,reptile coral snake

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Some people believe it bites with its tail. Called bidsy snake in Kriol.
  • Gramatical:
    Partial reduplication

ufki

I. N

1. animal,bird type of heron or bittern

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It hunts around the edge of the lagoon at night, and hollers like a jaguar, which scares you to death if you don't know what it is.
  • Gramatical:
    Rare bilabial fricative 'f'. Might indicate a borrowing?

ukaaka

I. N

1. animal,bird kyarpenter bird (Kr)

ulakauling

I. N

1. animal,bird small ufki (Kr)

ulinguling

I. N

1. animal,mammal howler monkey
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ulinguling ikakat su yukyaatingi.
    The baboon sit down on the big limb.
  • Ulinguling tuut uup tuut kaa ikwsi sirik tuut uup alptangka sii ki ikwsi.
    The baboon eat the seed and the leaf of the fig tree. When the fig seed drop in the water, the machaca eat it.

Pictures/Imagenes:

2. plant baboon pepper

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ulinguling pluuma, yuup tiiskiba suk. Yastaikbaingi.
    the baboon pepper is white, its seed is very tiny. It is very hot.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    You can hear them from a great distance away. Can frighten you the first time you hear them. Travel in troupes, and are part of the traditional early morning and early evening sounds in the bush, and until not so long ago, on the outskirts of Bluefields. As of 2008, increasingly rare due to loss of habitat and killing by new campesinos.
    Se pueden escuchar a gran distancia. Pueden atemorizar la primera vez que se escuchan. Viajan en manadas, temprano en la mañana y al atardecer, son parte del sonido tradicional en el monte. Hasta no hace mucho se encontraban en las afueras de Bluefields. Desde el 2008, es cada vez mas raro encontrarlos debido a la pérdida del habitat y a que los campesinos los matan.
  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common in animal names.

ulinguling aing ngalaali

I. N

1. animal,insect baboon honey bee

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Could also be for the honey produced by those bees. Could be short form 'ulinguling', or 'ulinguling aing ngalaali' for the honey or the bee, or the full form'ulinguling aing ngalaali uut' (baboon honey bee).

ulungulung

I. N

1. animal,mammal porcupine

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication common to animal names.

untas aing tuaa

I. N

1. animal,fish small flounder-type fish

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Ramas do not generally eat flounder-type fish, which seem to be fairly small fish in the region. Not seen in restaurants or markets, either. Several sea fish are composites based on "tua," which is more of a fresh or brackish water fish, indicating that the Ramas were probably not sea people originally. Tuba from the creeks, rivers and lagoon are still highly desired fish, though as of 2008, heavily decimated by overfishing and use of pesticides and other toxins by the mestizos to dump in the water and float the fish (and everything else) up.
    Se atrapan en los trasmallos o en las redes puestas para chacalines. El pueblo Rama generalmente no come los peces flotadores que parecen ser peces bastantes pequeños en la región. Tampoco se ven en los restaurantes ni en los mercados. Muchos peces de mar tienen nombres compuestos con la palabra “tuaa”, que son peces más de aguas dulces o salobres y que podría indicar que el pueblo Rama originalmente no era un pueblo marinero. Las “tuba” de los criques, ríos y lagunas son muy apetecidas y desde el 2008 se han diezmado grandemente por la sobreexplotación, uso de pesticidas y otros tóxicos que utilizan los mestizos para sacar a flote los peces (y todo lo que existe).

upsi

I. N

1. animal,body fat

2. animal,cooking oil

3. animal,body,food grease

5. artef.,house kerosene

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The green turtle has yellow fat and green fat; some people like to eat one or the other. Oil extracted from different animals can have different medicinal uses. When they butcher and sell fried hog meat, a lot of people prefer more fat than actual meat.It is a sign of health to them if you are fat.
    They probably burned mananti oil for oil lamps, explaining the extension to kerosene.

upsiksik

I. N

1. animal,reptile klapantaya snake

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Not a poisonous snake.
  • Gramatical:
    Partial reduplication common in animal names.

usru

I. N

1. animal,bird,dom. chicken
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Domestic chicken. They previously raised chickens more to sell the eggs, but as of 2008, the business was heavily tilted toward raising chickens to sell. Ramas don't usually eat them, and some still don't like domestic chicken, or domestic meat in general. They feed chickens corn and rice, and they forage in the yard. As of 2009, there were many more chickens around in every community than at any previous time. The chickens are still more of a woman's activity than a man's. One concern is the many very hungry dogs that abound; they usually go after the eggs when they have the chance, though they don't usually go after the chickens. The eggs are future profit, so it is an unlucky dog who is caught with egg on his face.

usru aing kungsungup

I. N

1. animal,body rooster crest
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Usru aing kungsungup saala.
    The fowl comb (crest) is red.
    La cresta del ave es roja.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
usru aing kungsungup
of comb

usru aing kuung

I. N

1. animal,insect fowl lice , [ESP] Piojo de las aves, acaros
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Usru ngaarak sukwaakitka, usru aing kuung traali. Kiikik sukaikungka, sutiisi itraali maap su.
    When we have lots of fowl, we feel the fowl lice walk. In the night when we lay down, we feel it walk on out body.
    Cuando nosotros tenemos muchas aves sentimos los piojos de las aves caminar. En la noche los sentimos caminar sobre el cuerpo.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
usru aing kuung
of lice

usru kumaa

I. N

1. animal,dom.,land hen

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
usru kumaa
woman

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    the full expression with 'kumaa' is rarely used

usru nkiikna

I. N

1. animal,bird,dom. rooster
Pictures/Imagenes:

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
usru nkiikna
man

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    rarely specified as male, and could be pronounced 'kiikna'

uuk

I. N

1. animal,body,human skin , [ESP] piel

2. body,plant bark , [ESP] corteza

3. animal,body shell , [ESP] concha, cáscara

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used for 'turtle shell'.

uuk airung

I. N

1. animal,mammal big rat

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
uuk airung
mother

uukakkak

I. N

1. animal,bird dark blue heron-like bird with a white eye-stripe

uuk alkushkush

I. N

1. animal,reptile slender anole
Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A common small anole with a long tail that is seen on logs and trees catching bugs.

uula pronunciación

I. N

1. nat. mud , [ESP] lodo
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sii uula.
    The water is muddy.

3. animal,fish,food large freshwater catfish , [ESP] Bagre

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sabut salpka parnga haap suma. Yaap aataara. Ikaikungi uula uruk su tiisanga ki.
    The mud fish is a black fish half long. His body is small. It lays down on the dirt in the shoal.

Pictures/Imagenes:

4. animal,fish,food large sea catfish

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Mud is a big problem in the rainy season for people who live in the bush. It makes obtaining clean water for drinking, cooking, bathing, and washing difficult, as well as causing "ground itch," a painful burning foot fungus from having your feet constantly wet and muddy. The amount of slippery mud makes everything more difficult and dangerous. And in the rainy season, the lagoons and rivers become muddy, which affects fishing. Serious problems with mud have been developing in several communities over the years due to the heavy deforestation. The result is drying rivers and creeks, but heavy deposits of mud at the creek/river bars after several years. As a result, in 2009, the bar at Cane Creek was nearly completely closed and virtually impassable by all but the smallest and lightest dories, obligating people to get out of the dory, and sink nearly up to their knees in gooey, sticky mud to try to haul the dory over the bar and into the creek. For the first time in memory, Wiring cay bar was 100% closed in 2009 during the dry season. There are many different names and classifications of catfish/mudfish/eels by different speakers. "Mudfish" generally refers to "sabut." Corn River said to have large freshwater catfish.
  • Léxica:
    At least for some speakers;, there may be a connection between mud and fish that are principally bottom-dwellers in the lagoon and rivers. For large sea catfish, see also walaha/wala, bagri. Bagri from Spanish bagre.

uuli

I. N

1. animal,food,hunting,reptile green sea turtle , [KRI] tortl , [RCK] toortl
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kauling uuli mlingka, kauling taaki kwsi. Waisku u anmalingi.
    When people kill green turtle, everybody eats it. They kill it with harpoon.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Highly endangered species of sea turtle that mostly eats grass. Ramas still kill by striking them with harpoons, while Miskitu use nets.
    Preferred turtle meat hunted both for their own consumption and to sell in town (more Puerto Cabezas than Bluefields). The old tradition is to share it out according to certain conventions. They eat the turtle eggs when they find them, but green turtles tend to lay more to the south, from Colorado Bar down to Tortuguero in Costa Rica.
    Cane Creek people are known as more adept at hunting and striking them because they are sea people, more than the lagoon Rama Cay people. Ramas used to go down to Turtle Bogue (Tortuguero) in Costa Rica to catch them.

uuli aing uut

I. N

1. animal,insect turtle bug
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Miirummiirum uuli aing uut. Yuut isii. Yaap yuuk ngalma ikuaakar.
    The miirummiirum is a bug for the turtle. The body is like a bug. Its body has a hard shell.
    Es un insecto de las tortugas. El cuerpo es como el de un insecto. Tiene una concha dura.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    These are 'turtle weevil' (like little worms).
  • Gramatical:
    Other name for beetle because of its likeness with turtle shell.
  • Léxica:
    See also 'miirummiirum'

uuli kukaut

I. N

1. animal,insect unidentified

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A big long bug that hollers i the late afternoon and night like a small motor saw. Hollers when turtle time is coming.
  • Léxica:
    Alternative form given as uuli uut; both acceptable.

uuli uruk

I. N

1. animal,reptile wood turtle

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a turtle that lives on the land in the bush.

uumut

I. N

1. animal,insect wasp , [ESP] avispa

2. animal,insect small black wasp

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Used as generic name for wasps.

uumut nuknuknga

I. N

1. animal,insect big yellow wasp , [ESP] Avispa amarilla grande
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Uumut nuknuknga kiangkiangkat tupki, naingi aakituing.
    The yellow wasp it is under the kiangkiang tree (small bush) that it stays.

uupbal pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish tarpon

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Also called 'taapum' and 'uup taara'.

uup taara pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish tarpon , [ESP] Tarpón, Sábalo Real , [KRI] tapam , [RCK] taapam

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Also called 'taapum' and 'uupbal'.

uut

I. N

1. animal,insect bug
Pictures/Imagenes:

2. animal,insect bee , [ESP] abeja

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Source of many compound expressions.
  • Léxica:
    Homonymy with 'uut' (dory).
    Generic for bugs, insects. See 'kungkung uut' (wood lice), 'ngalaali uut' (honey bee), 'pruun uut' (trumpet ant), 'sii uut' (marching ant, 'tauli uut' (shipworm).

wairu

I. N

1. animal,food,shellfish land crab
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Wairu laulau tupki inguri yuungi.
    The wairu crab puts its hole under the mangrove root.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Blue round-bodied hairy ,hairy crab that lives in swamps. Are eaten stewed in coconut milk. Most people eat just the legs, others the whole body after scraping off the hair.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu. Also ngwairu.

waisukwaisuk

I. N

1. animal,bird cocrico

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication.

wakaira

I. N

1. animal,insect swamp honey bee
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Wakaira yuut yirii ki aakituing bii.
    The swamp honey bee is a bee that lives only in the swamp.

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Also 'wapaira' and wapaira uut'.
    See "wokaira."

wakling

I. N

1. animal,mammal white face monkey , [ESP] mono cara blanca
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Kaniinis kauling aa kwsi. Aamliika imaali. Wakling bii kwsi.
    People don't eat shankwa turtle. It smells bad. Only the white face monkey eats it.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Sometimes they will have it as a household pet.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from Miskitu.

walah pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish big bagre , [ESP] Bagre (grande) , [KRI] bagri, kyatfish , [RCK] baagri, bukanshi
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Walah anmlingka, taimka tawan ki anpaayai. Tauli taara su sauk yuankiingakama anpaayai.
    The big bagre, when they kill it, sometimes they sell it in Bluefields. They sell it to fish with it in the ocean.
    Cuando matan un bagre grande lo venden, a veces, en Bluefields. Lo venden para irse a pescar al mar.
  • Walah nguringba kwiskama.
    The catfish is delicious/tasty to eat.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Corn River and Wiring Cay are said to have large freshwater catfish. Some people eat catfish and some don't; not usually a preferred fish. If eaten, it is mostly fried, or dried and then later run down. The oil pops a lot while frying.

    Se dice que en Corn River y Wiring Cay hay pez gato de agua dulce grande. Algunos lo comen otros no. No es una comida favorita. Si se come, generalmente se come frito, o se pone a secar y luego se prepare en rondon. Mientras se frie, el aceite “popea.”
  • Gramatical:
    Has a variant 'walaha'
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Miskitu 'walaha'. Bagre is Spanish; it is also called 'big catfish'. Some say "big bagri," and some just say "bagri," which is the same as uula or walaha/walah because this is the big catfish. As of 2009, “bukanshi” is described by those familiar with the word as “an old Rama Cay word,” known mostly to those at least 50 years old, while younger people on Rama Cay say “baagri.”

    Préstamo del Miskitu 'walaha'. Bagre es en español, o pez gato. Algunos dicen bagre grande o solo bagre que es lo mismo que uula y walaha/walah que es el mismo pez gato grande. En el 2009, en el ingles-kriol de Rama Cay, la palabra “bukanshi” es conocida principalmente por la gente de mayor edad, mientras que los más jóvenes utilizan la palabra “baagri.”

wangka

I. N

1. animal,bird snake hawk, laughing falcon , [ESP] Gavilan
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Wangka `wangka' `wangka' ikauni. Aalbut ikwsi.
    "The snake hawk hollers "wangka wangka". He eats snakes."
    El águila ratonera grita “wangka wangka”. Come culebras.

II. onom.

1. 'wangka'

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This hawk gets its name from the sound it makes. Three are plenty of snakes to eat, so the snake hawk was a fairly common bird around the lagoon edge and down the beach where there are mangroves behind . As of 2009 still encountered, though not as frequently. Some say that if he hollers from a tree with leaves, he is begging for rain. If, on the other hand, he is hollering from a dry tree with no leaves, he is begging for "sunhot."
  • Léxica:
    onomatopeic

wanguut

I. N

1. animal,bird Purple Gallinule

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A chicken-sized brilliant neon blue-chested and and neon blue-green backed -creek/river side wading bird. Not overly common, but can be seen stalking prey in the waterside wang grass. Noticeable also for its contrasting red bill.
  • Léxica:
    Also "wangut."

wingku taara

I. N

1. animal,mammal giant anteater

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Extremely endangered. They can be fearsome animals when cornered as they are powerful and have long claws. There is a story from Cane Creek of a young man who was supposedly killed by one.
  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from Miskitu.

wipri pronunciación

I. N

1. animal,fish,health whipray , [ESP] Raya vaca , [RCK] wipri

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A type of ray. Not eaten, but the tongue is dried, washed, scraped, and then dried as a powder to put in tea to use as a medicine for asthma. It will keep for years.

    Un tipo de raya. No es comestible, pero la lengua se seca, lava y raspa para hacer un polvo que se bebe en té como medicina para el asma. Se conserva por años.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowed from English.

wistartar

I. N

1. animal,bird smaller hummingbird , [ESP] gorrion chiquitito

wokaira

I. N

1. animal,food,insect unidentified bee

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    A kind of bee that makes sweet honey and has its hive in a tree trunk or log. You cut the honey in May.

yuum

I. N

1. animal,reptile tiger ratsnake

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    large black and white "speckle" snake. Sometimes seen swimming in creek or river. Catches fish. Some think it is poison, but is not. Gets "vex" (angry) and flattens itself out when approached; aggressive.