Diccionario


Mostrando 364 palabras para la categoria: verb

aaburn

I. V

1. mov twirl , [ESP] hacer girar

2. twist , [ESP] retorcer, girar, enroscar

3. cooking stir , [ESP] revolver

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alburn'.

aakang

I. V

1. stuff , [ESP] cosa, materia

2. shut , [ESP] cerrar

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Suusanga uut aing nguri naakangi.
    I stuff cotton in the holes of the dory.

aakar

I. ASP

2. PROG

3. RSLT

II. V

1. be , [ESP] ser, estar
Pictures/Imagenes:

2. stay , [ESP] permanecer

3. live , [ESP] vivir

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    'aakar' is the full form without tense suffix. Vowel harmony with tense see 'aakur-u' and 'aakir-i'; possibility of total vowel reduction 'aakr-i/u'; change of stem with subordinator, see 'aakit-ka/kama/su.
    As an aspect, 'aakar' can take the valor of resultative and progressive. For this one, it is in variant with 'baakar'. It enters also in the compounded aspect 'kamaakar' (kama+aakar) that has the valor of prospective (to be ready to).

aakaring

I. V

1. dory put up sail , [ESP] hizar velas

2. dory sail , [ESP] navegar velero

3. space spread , [ESP] untar, esparcir

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Naas kiiba ngaang su aakringi.
    I am spreading the sheet on the bed.
    Estiro la sabana sobre la cama

4. mov open , [ESP] abrir

5. body yawn , [ESP] bostezar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Either one of the two last vowels can be elided so we get the variants 'aakarng' and 'aakring'. Another variant is 'aakiring'. See also 'kakaa aakaring' (yawn).

aakis

I. V

1. locution sing , [ESP] cantar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    In variation with 'aaks'. The 'aakis' form is used with subordinator markers, whereas 'aaks' is used with tense markers.

aakit

I. ASP

1. PROG

2. RSLT

II. V

1. be

2. stay

3. live

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Variant of 'aakar' when suffixed with subordinator as in 'aakit-ka', 'aakit-kama', 'aakit-su', or aspect 'aakit-uing'.

aaksar

I. ASP

1. stative , [ESP] estático

II. V

1. space stay , [ESP] quedarse

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Can be used as an independant verb and suffixed to another verb with stative meaning.

aakting

I. V

1. get tough

aakuk

I. V

1. blow , [ESP] soplar

aakulaaling

I. V

1. break spoil

aakwaals aunga

I. V

1. percep. look pretty , [ESP] lucir bonita

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
aakwaals aunga
pretty look
bonito

aalat

I. V

1. play , [ESP] jugar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Variant used in the imperative and when suffixed with subordinator. 'aalal' is the variant used with tense marker.

aalu

I. V

1. mov,space send , [ESP] enviar

2. make drift

3. shoot , [ESP] tirar, disparar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alaalu' (to drift). Can be pronounced 'aalw' when suffixed with tense.

aamaerkung

I. V

1. become

aami

I. V

1. body,water bathe , [ESP] bañar

2. mov to swim , [ESP] nadar

aamlak

I. V

2. mov pick , [ESP] escoger, recoger

3. mov,space pull down

4. space pull off

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Means 'to pick' for things that have to be pulled with some strength, like certain fruits, whits...
  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. Has a variant 'aamalk' that does not seem to be related to the type of suffixation the verb takes (whether tense marker or subordinator). Each one of these variants 'aamlak' and 'aamalk' can have their initial long vowel reduced.

aamliis sung

I. V

1. no see good

aamulking

I. V

1. health cure

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'aamulkung'.

aamulkung

I. V

1. health get better , [ESP] mejorar

2. health heal , [ESP] curar

3. be pure

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'aamulking'.

aamulung

I. V

1. cooking shuck

2. cooking shell , [ESP] pelar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Free distribution between the three variants 'aamulung', 'aamlung' and 'aamulng'.

aangaringking

I. V

1. wall , [ESP] pared

aangik

I. V

1. aim

aapaaya

I. V

1. locution ask , [ESP] preguntar

aapaik

I. V

2. dory,mov paddle , [ESP] remar

3. body,mov comb

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Can be used with the relational preverb 'ka-' (from) to mean 'paddle away'.

aapair

I. N

4. wave , [ESP] ola

II. V

1. mov open

2. swing , [ESP] mecer

4. shoot , [ESP] disparar

aapang

I. V

1. mov fan , [ESP] abanicar

aapauk

I. V

1. mov,space put in

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    See other transitive 'pauk' with same meaning.

aapi

I. V

1. mov,space take out

2. sharpen

3. find , [ESP] encontrar

4. deal out

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    There is a corresponding 'alpi' verb only found in ba-alpi (look for).

aaplang

I. V

1. health clean , [ESP] limpiar

2. dom.,house sweep

Pictures/Imagenes:

3. scrub

4. brush , [ESP] cepillar

5. scrape , [ESP] rasguñar

6. break scratch

7. nat. be clear

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Has a variant 'aapalng' that is less frequent. The distribution between the two verbs is not related to suffixation of tense or subordinator.

aaptang

I. V

1. mov,space drop , [ESP] gotear

2. dory,mov,space launch , [ESP] lanzar

aapulk

I. V

1. fishing pick

2. gather , [ESP] reunir

3. mov pick up , [ESP] recoger

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alpulk'. The variation between the two forms 'aapulk' and 'aapluk' seems to be free, but 'aapulk' is more frequent.

aapun pronunciación

I. V

1. body,plant grow , [ESP] crecer

aapungut

I. V

1. mov,space carry up , [ESP] llevar

2. body,health vomit , [ESP] vomitar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Variant used in the imperative or when suffixed with subordinator. When suffixed with tense, the form used is 'aapungul'.

aarik

I. V

1. break break , [ESP] romper

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The correponding intransitive verb is 'alaarik'. The final vowel 'i' can be elided. The short form 'aark' is actually the most frequent.

aasak

I. V

1. mov pull

2. harvest

3. pluck

aasang

I. V

2. measuring count

aasang

I. V

1. locution tell

2. talk , [ESP] hablar

aasarik

I. V

1. scrape

2. cooking grate

3. rub

4. annoint

4. body massage

5. mov haul

6. mov drag

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Multiple ways of using hand accross object, or make object scrape on floor!

    Las múltiples maneras de usar las manos de un lado al otro de un objeto, o hacer que un objeto raye el suelo!
  • Gramatical:
    'aasarik' is the complete stem. But the form with the last vowel 'i' elided, 'aasark', is by far the most used variant. 'aasrik' is another elided variant.

    'aasarik'es la stem cpleto. Pero, la forma con la última vocal 'i' es eledida, 'aasark', es, de lejos, la variante más usada. 'aasrik'es otra variante eledida.

aasauling

I. V

1. break fight , [ESP] luchar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Constructed with a patient comitative marked by the postposition 'u' (with).

aasik

I. V

1. cooking boil

aasu

I. V

1. body lick , [ESP] lamer

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The intransitive corresponding verb is 'su' (suck on). Can be pronounced 'aasw' when suffixed with tense.

aataik

I. V

1. mov,space pass

2. mov swing , [ESP] Mecer

3. measuring exceed

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    See also the compound verb 'su-aataik' and the derived adverb 'suaataiki'.

aatakung

I. V

1. mov steer

aatark

I. V

1. break burst

2. split

3. tear , [ESP] rasgar

4. cut , [ESP] cortar

5. shoot , [ESP] Tirar

6. squeeze , [ESP] exprimir

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'altark' (to split, to tear). 'tark' seems to have the same use as 'aatark' but is less frequent.

aating

I. V

1. do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Helping verb found in numerous compounds.

aatis

I. V

1. mov descend

2. mov,space get in

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Full form of the verb. The variant 'aats' is used when suffixed with tense such as in 'sii aats-i' (it's raining - literally 'water descends').

aatka

I. V

1. mov,space leave

aatkal

I. V

1. mov,water dive

aatris

I. V

1. cooking,fish scale

2. cooking clean (fish)

aatun

I. V

1. percep. touch

aayu

I. V

1. mov move

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive.

aiku

I. V

1. make , [ESP] Hacer

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Suppletive imperative form of 'to make'. Used as causative.

ain

I. V

1. mov lift

airbi

I. N

2. body blood

II. V

1. health bleed

aisting

I. V

1. mov get up

2. body wake up

alaalu

I. V

1. dory,mov drift

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'aalu' (to send, to make drift). Can be pronounced 'alaalw' when suffixed with tense.

alamsuk

I. V

1. disappear , [ESP] Desaparecer

2. break die , [ESP] Morir

3. calm down , [ESP] Calmar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. When suffixed with tense markers '-i' (present) or '-u' (past), the form is 'alamskw-'. 'alamsuk' is the form when suffixed by subordinators or aspects. The middle 'a' can eventually be elided. Derived by prefixation of 'al-' from transitive 'amsuk'

alangkiing

I. V

1. space hang down

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'angkiing' (hang). The final vowel 'ii' can be shortened.

alauk

I. V

1. break burn

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'auk'.

alaukting

I. V

1. body,health sweat

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
alauk ting
burn feel

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Composed with the verb 'alauk' (to burn) and the intransitive helping verb 'ting'.

alaung

I. V

1. cooking cook

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Traditionally they cooked on the dirt floor. They kept three smoldering logs which they pushed closer together in the middle and to which they added kindling in the middle to create a cooking fire and set the pot there to cook.

alautik

I. V

1. health scratch , [ESP] Rayar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The 'alautik' form is used when suffixed with subordinator, while the 'alautk' form is used when suffixed with tense. See also 'utk' with the same meaning.

alban

I. V

1. cooking boil , [ESP] Hervir

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    You can boil coffee, tea, wari meat, not fish, corn.

alburn

I. V

1. mov twirl

2. twist

3. cooking,food stir

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    You are not supposed to stir the rice and beans while cooking or they will get mushy.
  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'aaburn'.

aliskiing

I. V

1. clothes dry

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alisting'.

alisting

I. V

1. dry , [ESP] Secar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'aliskiing'.

alkaa

I. ADJ

2. dry

II. N

1. nat. sun , [ESP] Sol

III. V

3. sun

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The final 'aa' can be shortened.

alkabing

I. V

1. mov roll , [ESP] Rotar

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used for round objects such as eggs or logs but also for the sea and dory.
  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. Has a corresponding transitive verb 'kabing' that means 'to bail'.

alkang

I. V

1. mov,space throw , [ESP] Tirar, lanzar

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Enters in the expression 'almuk yuwa yaa yalkangi' (literally 'God is throwing it') which means 'it thunders'.
  • Gramatical:
    In relation with the verbs 'kang' (to strike, to shoot) and 'aakang' (to stuff, to shut) although there is no relation transitivity/intransitivity between them.

alkar

I. V

1. mov,sea,water swim

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Has another form 'alkit' when not followed by tense marker.

alkiin

I. V

1. body,health itch , [ESP] Picar

2. cooking,food be peppery

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    In the sense of 'itch', it is used most of the time for body parts itching, but it can also be found in animal names, such as 'psuk alkiinuing' (hairy worm, literally 'itching worm').
  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive.

alkit

I. V

1. mov swim
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Saaru lakuun ki yalkit traali. salpka bii yaing urnga.
    The small wild duck swims in the lagoon. His only food is fish.
    El pequeño pato salvaje nada en la laguna. Los peces son su única comida.

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Form of the verb 'alkar' (swim) in front of subordinators or other verb as in 'alkit traali' (go swim).

alkuk

I. V

1. percep. hear , [ESP] Oir

2. listen , [ESP] Escuchar

3. cogn understand

alkung

I. V

1. body wake up

alkung

I. V

2. mov,space go
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Ya aapaaya alkung pinkam.
    Go ask him how much.
  • Sii paik alkung.
    Go and full water.

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Verb of movement postposed to another verb to mean 'go do something'. The first verb takes the person marker while 'alkung' takes the tense marker.

alkutik

I. V

1. body,health cramp

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The participe is 'alkutkima' (crippled).

alkwis

I. V

1. speak

2. talk

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Has a variant 'alkws' with elision of the 'i' when suffixed with tense marker.

almaik

I. V

1. food grind , [ESP] moler, triturar

1. cooking,mov rub on rock , [ESP] moler

2. break get mashed , [ESP] machacado

3. body have intercourse

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    You have to grind chocolate with rubbing rock; the ibu to make ibu bunya.

    Debés moler el chocolate con una piedra de moler; el ibu para hacer ibu bunya
  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'amaik'.

    Intrasitivo. El verbo transitivo correspondiente es 'amaik'.

almain

I. V

1. invite , [ESP] Invitar

2. cogn make know

3. locution tell , [ESP] Decir

almalik

I. V

1. mov twist

2. mov wrap , [ESP] Envolver

3. curl

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive verb derived from the transitive verb 'malik'. Each one of the two last vowels can be elided so we get the variants 'almlik' and 'almalk'.

almaling

I. V

1. break,health be sick

1. break,health die

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    In variation with 'almalng' and 'almling', where one of the two last vowels falls. Note that the complete stem is rather rare. Generally the 'almalng' variant is used when suffixed with tense, and the 'almling' variant when suffixed with subordinator. Also interesting to note that here the causative 'maling' (to kill) is the base for a derived intransitive verb 'almaling' (to die).

almaula

I. V

1. locution lie

almtung

I. V

1. break bend

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. Although the corresponding transitive verb 'mtung' exists, 'panik uung' (to bent, transitive) is more used.

almuk yuwa tarki

I. V

1. nat. it thunders

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
almuk yuwa tark i
old man old PRES
Viejito viejo

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Literally : 'God is splitting it.'
  • Gramatical:
    A whole sentence with tense marker.

alngaang

I. V

1. dory,water float

alngais

I. V

1. be tied up

2. break be tangled

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'angais' (to tie).

alngaring

I. V

1. break get hit

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'ngaring'. The final vowel 'i' can be elided so we get as a variant 'alngarng'.

alngatik

I. V

1. break cut

1. get cut

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'angatik' or 'ngatik'. Here the notion of intransitive includes situations when someone cuts him/herself. The last vowel can be elided when the verb is suffixed with a tense marker, as in 'alngatk-u' or in the past participle form 'alngatk-ima'. When suffixed with a subordinator, the complete form 'alngatik' is used. The velar nasal 'ng' can be reduced to 'n'.

alngiaa

I. V

1. hold on

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The transitive corresponding verb is 'ngiaa'. To make the imperative form, add '-kit' to the verbs : 'alngiaakit!' (hold on!) and 'ngiaakit!' (hold!). The final vowel 'aa' can be shortened.

alngiaakit

I. V

1. hold on

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Imperative form of 'alngiaa' (hold on).

alngiin

I. V

1. shake

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'angiin'.

alngwu

I. V

1. food drink , [ESP] beber

2. take communion

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They drink coffee, water, cane juice, supa, tea.
  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive derived from corresponding transitive verb 'ngwu' (to drink). As a variant 'alngw' when suffixed with present tense.

alpaak

I. V

1. meet

2. clothes sew

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Has transitive form 'aapak'.

alpaaya

I. V

1. mov buy

2. mov sell

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive verb derived from 'paaya' (buy/sell) used in the expression 'kauling alpaayauingdut' (people who sell).

alpaik

I. V

2. cogn think

alpark

I. V

1. body hold on

2. peg

3. paste

4. body hug

5. embrace

6. body have sex , [ESP] Tener relaciones sexuales

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The basic meaning is 'hold on' or 'peg/paste' for the intransitive verb and 'weave/plait/braid' for the transitive verb. From there comes the metaphorical use for derived meanings of 'hug/embrace/have sex'.
  • Gramatical:
    Although with the prefix 'al-' of intransitives, this verb is used as a transitive. There is a another transitive verb 'park' (to make, build, weave, braid)

alpia pronunciación

I. V

1. food,plant plant

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The final 'a' can be lenghten : 'alpiaa'. This is the derived intransitive form of the transitive verb 'pia' (to plant, to bury). Used in middle or antipassive like voice.

alptang

I. V

1. mov,space fall down

2. mov,space descend , [ESP] Descender

3. mov,space drop , [ESP] botar

4. dory,mov sink , [ESP] Hundir

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Has a variant 'alptung-' with the past tense '-u' as in : 'alptung-u' and another variant 'alpting-' with the past participle ''-ima' as in 'alptingima' (dropped, fallen down). Has a transitive counterpart 'aaptang' (to drop, to launch).

alpulk

I. V

1. gather , [ESP] Reunir

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Used for people gathering and for insect coming in high number (ants, flies...)
  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is also 'alpulk' (to pick, to gather). There is a variation between 'alpulk' and 'alpluk' but it seems to be free, with 'alpulk' being more frequent.

alpungut pronunciación

I. V

1. plant bear fruit

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Variant used when suffixed with subordinator. When suffixed with tense, the form used is 'alpungul'.

alsak

I. V

1. nat. be low

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Only used in the expression 'sii alsaki' (low tide).

alsi

I. V

1. sunbathe

alsu

I. V

1. space steal , [ESP] Robar

alsuk

I. V

1. clothes wash , [ESP] Lavar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. In variation with 'alskw'. The 'alsuk' form is used in the imperative and when suffixed with subordinator, while the 'alskw' form is used when suffixed with tense. The corresponding transitive verb is 'suk'.

altanang

I. V

1. look at

3. percep. look , [ESP] Mirar

4. rule over

5. look on

altang

I. V

1. percep. look

2. percep. look like

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Not to be confused with 'altanang' that means the action of looking.

altark

I. V

1. break split

2. tear

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'aatark'.

altaukiing

I. V

1. mistreat

altawa

I. V

1. emot fear

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Often used with the relational preverb 'ka-' so we get 'ka-altawa' (to be afraid of).

alting

I. V

2. cook

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive.

altkwa

I. V

1. hide

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'tkwa'.

altungwa

I. V

1. food eat , [ESP] comer

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They usually eat sitting on the floor; you are supposed to try to keep one hand clean. some of them eat out of calabash, others out of plastic and metal plates from the Chinese store. They have one big meal in the middle of the day, and bread and coffee in the morning and at night.
  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive.

amaik

I. V

1. mov rub

2. cooking,mov rub on rock

3. cooking grind

4. body,food chew

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'almaik'.

amsa

I. V

1. squeeze

2. wring

3. milk

amsuk

I. V

1. break mash

2. kill

3. lose

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. 'amsuk' is used for the imperative and when suffixed with subordinator. The variant form 'amskw' is used with tense marker. Has a derived intransitive 'alamsuk' (disappear) with same type of variant 'alamskw'.

anaik

I. V

1. body,mov creep

2. body,mov crawl

angais

I. V

1. mov tie

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alngais'. Often used with the relational preverb 'yu-' (with).

angatik

I. V

1. break cut

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    It means more precisely 'cutting by hitting'.
  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. See other transitive 'ngatik' with the same meaning. No apparent explanation for their distribution (but 'angatik' is much more frequent).
    The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alngatik'.
    Either one of the last two vowels or both vowels can be elided. This complete form 'angatik' is used when suffixed with subordinators and is in free variation with 'angtik'. 'angatk' or 'angtk' are used with tense markers.

angiin

I. V

1. mov shake

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding derived intransitive verb is 'alngiin'.

angis

I. V

1. cooking strain , [ESP] Tensar

angkiing

I. V

1. space hang

2. mov carry on back

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alangkiing' (hang down). The final vowel 'ii' can be shortened.

angsuk

I. V

1. cooking clean , [ESP] Limpiar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    'angsuk' is used at the imperative or when suffixed with subordinator, while 'angskw' is used when suffixed with tense.

apaak

I. V

1. clothes sew , [ESP] Cocer

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    See also 'alpaak'.

arngut

I. V

1. body,break,health bite

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The 'arngut' variant is used at the imperative or when suffixed with subordinator, while 'arngul' is suffixed with tense. There are also two other variants 'arungul' and 'arungut' but rather rare.

astaik

I. V

1. body,health,percep. hurt

2. food,percep. be spicy , [ESP] condimentar

astaiki

I. V

1. percep. to feel pain

atkarbi

I. V

1. calendar,time pass the season

atkul

I. ASP

1. COMPL

II. V

1. finish , [ESP] Terminar, acabar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Must be suffixed with tense, while 'atkut' is suffixed with subordinator. Interesting completive aspect meaning of action finished or affecting completely the patient or all the patients.

auk

I. V

1. cooking,food roast , [ESP] Asar

2. break burn , [ESP] Quemar

3. food cook

4. cooking,food bake , [ESP] Hornear

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The old Ramas did not bake. They did not have ovens. To bake, people place what is to be baked in a wide iron pot and then put a sheet of metal on top with fire coals on it.
  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alauk'.

aung

I. V

1. locution call , [ESP] Llamar

2. locution tell

3. locution say , [ESP] Decir

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    See also the form 'anaungi' (literally 'they say') used as an evidential.

aunga

I. N

2. artef. mirror , [ESP] Espejo

3. artef. photo , [ESP] Foto

II. V

3. percep. shine , [ESP] Brillar

5. look pretty

7. look

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive or with an adjectival complement. This verb is generally used for shining, pretty, positive looking. As a noun it can mean 'mirror' or 'photo', that are shining/pretty objects. See also 'aakwaals aunga' (look pretty) and 'aunga kuu' (take photo).

aunga kuu

I. V

1. take photo , [ESP] Fotografiar

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
aunga kuu
photo take
Foto

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Neologism.

ba-alpi

I. V

1. look for

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
ba alpi
for look for
para, por

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    'alpi' does not exist alone, it is lexicalized with the relational preverb 'ba', and can take full lexical patient/object.

ba-alptang

I. V

1. mov come down for

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
ba alptang
for descend
para, por Descender

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The relational preverb 'ba-' is not obligatory. It is used to make explicit the goal of the action.

ba-altanang

I. V

1. wait for

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
ba- altanang
for look
para, por Mirar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The relational preverb 'ba-' is not obligatory. When it is used with this verb it mentions the specific goal of the action (look or wait for x). The meaning 'mind' comes with a lexicalized form 'baltanang'.

bal-aating

I. V

1. locution talk

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
bal aating
talk do

bal-alting

I. V

1. locution talk , [ESP] Hablar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    'bal-alting' est utilisé pour 'parler' seul : il ne veut/peut pas parler. alors que 'bal-aating' c'est 'parler à quelqu'un' ou 'parler d'une certaine manière' : donc la distribution n'est pas transitive/intransitive mais ... ?

baltanang

I. V

1. mind

2. wait , [ESP] Esperar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Lexicalized imperative form of the verb 'ba-altanang' with the relational preverb 'ba-' completely attached to the root. Only used in second person imperative, meaning 'mind!', 'be careful!' or 'wait!'. The subordinated verb is suffixed with '-ka' (if).

bang

I. V

1. mov let's go , [ESP] Vamonos

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Suppletive imperative form of the first person plural of the verb 'taak' (go). Lexical source of many aspectual and mood affixes, see '-bang'.

ba-taak

I. V

1. mov,space going to V

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
ba taak
for go
para, por

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    From the verb 'taak' (to go) with the relational preverb 'ba-' that encodes a purpose.

ba-tang

I. V

1. emot want , [ESP] Querer

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
ba tang
want do

ba-ting

I. V

1. want , [ESP] Querer

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
ba ting
want do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Verb constructed with lexicalized relational preverb 'ba-' and helping verb '-ting'.

ba-traat

I. V

1. mov,space walk looking for

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
ba- traal-
for walk
para, por

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    In this case the relational preverb 'ba-' is not entirely lexicalized (obligatory), so it gives a definite additional sense (to walk (looking) for). This form is used at the imperative or when suffixed with tense. 'ba-traal' is the form used when suffixed with tense.

ba-tungut

I. V

1. mov,space climb up for

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
ba tungul
for ascend
para, por

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Form with a relational preverb commonly used in the sense of climbing to get something or someone. Not really lexicalized.

bula

I. N

2. percep. noise

II. V

1. make noise

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Probably borrowing from Spanish bulla (noise).

bula uung

I. V

1. percep. make noise

'er'er-uung

I. V

1. twirl

2. mix

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Ideophone with reduplication and unique initial glottal sound in the language. With helping verb 'uung' (to do,make).

help-uung

I. V

1. help

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Compound with English borrowing 'help' and Rama helping verb 'uung'.

impa

I. V

1. soak

2. dye

3. tan

ingking

I. V

1. break,cooking,mov pound

isausau aakar

I. V

1. health be sneezing

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication. See also 'isausau ting'.

isausau ting

I. V

1. health sneeze

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Repeated sneezing. See also 'isausau aakar'.

isau ting

I. V

1. health sneeze

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Only one sneeze. For repeted sneezing, the reduplicated form must be used : 'isausau ting'.

isima maal

I. V

1. break,food,percep. stink

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
isima maal
stinky smell

kaa pronunciación

I. V

1. mov put

1. mov put up

2. mov put down

3. nat. weather verb

Notas:

  • Léxica:
    Verb used to mean to lay eggs (for chicken)

ka-altawa

I. V

1. emot,space be afraid of

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Very common combination of relational preverb and verb.

ka-aapaik

I. V

1. mov,sea,space paddle away from

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ka aapaik
from paddle

kaat aapair

I. V

1. body,mov dance

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Compare with 'kwiik aapair' that means 'to wave'.

kabing

I. V

1. dory,mov,water bail

kaikung

I. V

1. body,mov,space lie down

kain

I. V

1. artef. carve

2. artef. trim

3. break cut

4. food peel

Pictures/Imagenes:

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Used in the sense 'to make' for dory or artefacts cut in wood.

kairik

I. V

1. mov fall

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Appears to be a borrowing from Spanish 'caer', although with added final '-ik' or '-k'. The original Spanish vowel can be maintained in 'kaerik'. The final vowel 'i' can also be elided, hence two more variants: 'kairk' and 'kaerk'. The participle is 'kairkima' (fallen).

kaisup-uung

I. V

1. mov pinch

kakaa aakaring

I. V

1. body yawn

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kakaa aakaring
mouth open

kakaa baing kwaakar

I. V

1. have a big mouth

kakaa psutpsutki bal-aating

I. V

1. locution whisper

kalnik

I. V

1. body,space stand

2. body,mov stand up

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Nsut kuyaanik taakka uut ki, nsut kalniksu, uut ngulaik karka ulup u nsut kauki.
    When we go up river in the dory, we stand up and we pole in from the bow.
  • Aisting kalnik.
    get up and stand up

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    In variation with 'kalng' used with present and past tense, while the 'kalnik' form is used in the imperative and with subordinators '-su' (upon) and '-ka' (when).

kamii

I. V

1. body sleep

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    They have first, second and third sleep etc. until when you wake for good. For example such as when the chickens wake you and you go back to sleep.
  • Gramatical:
    The final vowel 'ii' can be shortened.

kan

I. V

1. extinguish

kang

I. V

1. fishing,hunting strike

2. fishing,hunting shoot

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. In relation with the verbs 'alkang' (to throw) and 'aakang' (to stuff, to shut) although there is no relation transitivity/intransitivity between them.

kanima

I. V

1. extinguished

kans

I. V

1. cooking fry

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Rama Cay people fry more food than people down in the bush. They use coconut oil as the most common oil to fry in.

katata-aating

I. V

1. emot get frightened

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
katata aating
frightened do

kauk

I. V

1. body stand

2. dory,mov pole

kaun

I. V

1. human,locution call
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Sumu kaulingdut 'Wahai' nsut yaa kauni.
    "We call the Sumu people ""Wahai""."

2. animal,locution cry out

3. animal,locution holler

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    In the sense (holler, cry out), 'kaun' is used for the sound that any animal makes (bird, fish, tiger...).

ki-aakar

I. V

1. get on

kiing pronunciación

I. V

1. make

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Helping verb used in composition in a number of verbs.

kiinga

I. V

1. measuring measure

2. fish fish

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    For the sense 'to fish', see the 'sauk kiinga' entry.

kiinga aarik

I. V

1. time day break

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kiinga aarik
day break

kiing astaik

I. V

1. health have an headache

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kiing astaik
head hurt

kiing ulis

I. V

1. body hair

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
kiing ulis
head hair

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Specifies hair of head.

kiing uung

I. V

1. health have a headache

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kiing uung
head

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    It must be used with a possessive on the noun subject. For example 'nkiing uungi' (I have a headache - lit. My head does).

kin-ting

I. V

1. stretch

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'kin-uung'.

kin-uung

I. V

1. break,mov stretch

1. body,health be pregnant

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive for the meaning 'to stretch'. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'kin-ting'. In the meaning 'be pregnant', the verb used is always 'kin-uung'.

ki-tauk

I. V

1. clothes wear

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
ki tauk
in put on

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Verb used with rare locative relational preverb 'ki-'.

kiup alaarik

I. V

1. health get hiccup

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kiup alaarik
heart

kleering

I. V

1. health itch

kleerka ting

I. V

1. body be ticklish

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive, with helping verb 'ting'.

kleerka uung

I. V

1. tickle

2. body be ticklish

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Mainly transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'kleerka ting'.

kuhku-aakar

I. V

1. bother about

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Used in the negative.

kuh-uung

I. V

1. body touch

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Constructed with helping verb '-uung', 'kuh' by itself means nothing.

kukbii

I. V

1. sound like

kulkung

I. V

2. fetch

kung

I. V

1. make

kunking

I. V

1. light

kunkun

I. V

1. nat. blaze

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplicated form.

kunuk

I. V

1. cooking,mov mix

kupkup-uung

I. V

1. body,health make little bumps

Composicion:

Compounds

kupting

I. V

1. health swell

2. nat.,sea reach high tide

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'kup-uung'. The meaning of reaching high tide is in the expression 'sii kuptingi'. Unusual case where the person marker goes between 'kup' and 'uung' in 'kup-uung' and before 'kup' in 'kupting'.

kup-uung

I. V

1. swell up

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'kupting'. Unusual case where the person marker goes between 'kup' and 'uung' in 'kup-uung' and before 'kup' in 'kupting'.

kutkubis ting

I. V

1. get full

kutkubis uung

I. V

1. make round

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kutkubis uung
round make

kuu

I. V

1. mov,space take

2. catch

3. get

4. scoop

5. bear

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Very frequent word wich has many variants, depending on the tense used and the rapidity of speech : 'ku' with past tense ; 'kui', 'kw', 'kwi' with present tense. In rapid speech, the vowel 'u' reduces to the approximant 'w'. 'kuu' is the main form, used in isolation, in the imperative, or with other suffixes such as subordinator '-ka' (when).

kuulak

I. V

1. body,emot laugh

kwaakar

I. V

1. have

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    'kwaakar' (have) has variant forms :
    'kwaakur' is used when suffixed with past tense '-u' as in 'kwaakuru'.
    'kuaakar' is a variant form in slow speech.
    'kwaakit' is the form when suffixed with the subordinator '-ka' (when). Same variants as for 'aakar/aakit'.

kwaakit

I. V

1. have

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Variant form of 'kwaakar' when suffixed with subordinator like '-ka' (when) or '-su' (upon).

kwaalka aating

I. V

2. emot be ashamed

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
kwaalka aating
ashamed do

kwiik aapair

I. V

1. mov wave

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Compare with 'kaat aapair' that means 'to dance'.

kwiik suk

I. V

1. health wash one's hand

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    See the entry 'suk' (to wash) for the variants and grammar of the verb.

kwiis

I. V

1. food eat

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The long vowel 'ii' can be reduced in rapid speech. This form is used either in isolation or suffixed with aspect or subordinator. It has a variant 'kws-' when suffixed with tense marker.

larn-ting

I. V

1. cogn learn

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
larn ting
learn do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Borrowing from English (learn) combined with helping verb 'ting'.

maal

I. V

1. percep. smell

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The transitive verb 'nguuk' (to smell) has no derivational relation with this one. In relation with the noun 'maat' (scent).

maaruk uung

I. V

1. write

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
maaruk uung
mark make

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Neologism created by members of project for writing, literally 'to make marks'.

makmakting

I. V

1. percep. blink

2. body wink

3. percep. shine

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication meaning repetitiveness of movement. Intransitive with helping verb 'ting'. See 'mak-' (open) for more details.

makmakuung

I. V

1. percep. blink

2. wink

3. percep. shine

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive with causative helping verb 'uung'. See 'mak-' for more details.

makting

I. V

1. mov open

2. be born

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. See 'mak-' for more details. Wth helping verb 'ting'.

makuung

I. V

1. mov open

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
mak uung
open make

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive with causative helping verb 'uung'. See 'mak-' for more details.

malangka ting

I. V

1. get old

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Construction with helping verb 'ting'.

malik

I. V

1. mov wrap

1. twist

2. mov turn

3. roll

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive verb of caused movement. Has derived intransitive 'almalik'. Each one of the two vowels can be elided so we get the variants 'malk' and 'mlik'. Note that the complete stem 'malik' is almost never used except in the adjective 'malikmalikba'. The 'malk' form is the one used in compounds such as 'malk-aating', 'malk-tang', 'malk-ting', 'malk-uung' and 'malkmalk-ting'.

maling

I. V

1. break kill

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    In variation with 'malng' and 'mling', where one of the vowels falls. Note that the complete stem is rather rare. Generally the 'malng' variant is used when suffixed with tense, and the 'mling' variant when suffixed with subordinator. The intransitive to die is derived from it by prefixation of 'al-' as in 'almaling'.

malk-aating

I. V

1. mov turn around

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
malk aating
turn do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    See 'malik' for explanations on the whole word family.

malkmalk-ting

I. V

1. mov wrap up

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
malk malk ting
wrap wrap do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    See 'malik' for explanations on the whole word family.

malk-tang

I. V

1. mov twirl

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
malk tang
twist do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. 'nkwiik malktangi' (my hand twisted). See 'malik' for explanations on the whole word family.

malk-ting

I. V

1. mov turn

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
malk ting
turn do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    See 'malik' for explanations on the whole word family.

malk-uung

I. V

1. mov turn something around

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
malk uung
turn do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. 'nkaat saliup malkniuungu' (I twisted my ankle). See 'malik' for explanations on the whole word family.

mang

I. V

1. mov go

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Suppletive imperative form of the verb 'taak' (to go). See also '-bang', that is the form used in verbal morphology.

mangit

I. V

1. mov go

Composicion:

Flexion
Morfemas
mang it
go real

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intensive form of the imperative 'mang' (go!) with emphatic suffix '-it'.

markal

I. V

1. body,health shiver

mkak

I. V

1. break bend

mtung

I. V

1. break bend

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. With the same meaning, 'panik uung' is more used.
    The corresponding intransitive is 'almtung'.

mtus

I. V

1. break,mov squeeze

muhting

I. V

1. break,dory break off

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    We can eventually recognize the 'ting' helping verb, but the initial 'muh' does not exist alone.

mukus-aating

I. V

1. time dawn

Composicion:

Compounds

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Verb used with people as a subject : 'I daylight'.

mukus-ting

I. V

1. time dawn

namaa aung

I. V

1. human,locution whisper

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
namaa aung
quietly say

ngalbi

I. V

1. mov,space run

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Very often used with relational preverb 'ka-' (from).

ngaling kung

I. V

1. get hard

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngaling kung
rock make

nganaak

I. V

1. air,mov fly

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Today, people tend to reduced the velar nasal 'ng' to 'n'.

nganaak traat

I. V

1. air,mov fly

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
nganaak traal-
fly go

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Very common to use 'traat' (to walk, to go) with other movement verbs. The first verb takes the preverbal person marker, while the second, 'traat' or 'traal', takes the suffixed subordinator or tense marker.

ngaring

I. V

1. break hit

2. beat

3. wop

4. flap

5. flog

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alngaring'. Either one of the two vowels can be elided so we get as variants 'ngring' and 'ngarng'.

ngarkal

I. V

1. nat. blaze

2. nat. be_lightening

ngiaa

I. V

1. hold

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The intransitive corresponding verb is 'alngiaa'. To make the imperative form, add '-kit' to the verbs : 'ngiaakit!' (hold!) and 'alngiaakit!' (hold on!). The final vowel 'aa' can be shortened.

ngiaakit

I. V

1. hold

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Imperative form of 'ngiaa' (hold).

ngiis

I. V

1. food smoke

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The long vowel 'ii' can be shortened, mostly in compound words such as 'ngiskiing' (to sprinkle, to scatter...).

ngiskiing

I. V

1. cooking sprinkle

2. break scatter

3. spread

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'ngisting'.

ngisting

I. V

1. mov drop

2. mov sprinkle

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'ngiskiing'.

ngulaik aating

I. V

1. emot feel sorry for X

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngulaik aating
sorry do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Constructed with a helping verb 'aating' and maybe a spatial 'ngulaik'; takes a dative complement with 'a'.

ngulsnguls-ting

I. V

1. break be torn

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
nguls nguls ting
torn torn get

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Note the reduplication. Intransitive verb.

ngulsnguls-uung

I. V

1. break bore up

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
nguls nguls uung
bore bore make

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplicate and intensive form of 'nguls-uung'.

nguls-ting

I. V

1. break be torn

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Has a corresponding transitive form 'nguls-ting' and an intensive form with reduplication 'ngulsnguls-ting'.

nguls-uung

I. V

1. break bore

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
nguls uung
torn make

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Has a corresponding intransitive form 'nguls-ting' and an intensive form with reduplication 'ngulsnguls-uung'.

nguuk

I. V

1. percep. smell

2. percep. track

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Homonym with the noun 'belly'.

nguuk kin-uung

I. V

1. health get pregnant

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
nguuk kin uung
belly stretch do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Literally 'to stretch the belly'.

ngwa

I. V

1. cogn know

2. cogn remember

ngwair

I. V

1. body spit

ngwu

I. V

1. food drink

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intansitive verb is 'alngwu'. Has a variant 'ngwi' before the tense present marker '-i'. 'ngwu' can be pronounced in slightly different ways : 'ngu', 'nguu', 'ngwuu'...

ngwut maat nguuk

I. V

1. emot kiss

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
ngwut maat nguuk
face scent smell

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Literally 'to smell one's face scent'.

paaya

I. V

1. space buy

3. space sell

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The derived verb 'alpaaya' also means buy/sell.

paerkung

I. V

1. remain

2. be left

pai

I. V

1. be left

paik

I. V

1. fill

2. cooking,mov dip

pair

I. V

1. mov open

2. cooking peel

3. mov swing

pakalsting

I. V

2. break,nat.,time get dark

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With helping verb 'ting'.

paktaik

I. V

1. space be across

pang

I. V

1. dig

panik ting

I. V

1. break bend

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. With the same meaning, 'almtung' is more used.

panik uung

I. V

1. break bend

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. Although the corresponding intransitive verb 'panik ting' exists, 'almtung' (to bent, intransitive) is more used.

park

I. V

1. artef. weave

2. plait

3. body braid

4. build

5. artef. make

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Has derived intransitive 'alpark' (hold on, paste)

par-uung

I. V

1. mov hook up

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With helping verb 'uung'.

patakting

I. V

1. slip

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With helping verb '-ting'.

pauk

I. V

1. mov fell

2. mov,space put in

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    See also other transitive 'aapauk'.

paun

I. V

1. emot,human,locution cry

pia

I. V

1. plant plant

2. bury

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The general meaning is 'put in the ground'. Most believe that you should plant anything around the full moon; some say not on the full moon, but either three days after, or three days before. Others say you should plant three days beofore or on the full moon, but not after. All seem to agree that during the canicula, from July 15 to August 15, you shouldn't plant anything because if you do, it won't grow well. (This is usually the heart of the rainy season.) Some say that there is actually only one day during that time when it is really bad to plant, but since you can't know which day that is, they don't plant for the whole period. Others say it is an unknown period of 15 days within that time frame, but for the same reason, because you can't know, you shouldn't plant for the whole month. Similarly, you should not cut leaves for your house during this time because they will rot quickly.
  • Gramatical:
    The final 'a' can be lenghten : 'piaa'.

pis

I. V

1. show

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Variant used in the imperative of when suffixed with subordinator. The 'ps' form is used when suffixed with tense.

plaaling

I. V

1. measuring be plenty

plungkiing

I. V

1. measuring dry

2. dory bail out

pri

I. V

1. cooking shuck

3. pick clean

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The imperative form for this verb is 'pit'.

puh-ting

I. V

1. turn over

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'puh-uung'.

puh-uung

I. V

2. turn over

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'puh-ting'.

pulkaa

I. V

1. taste sweet

pungut

I. V

1. mov,space put up

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Variant used when suffixed with subordinator or in the imperative. When suffixed with tense marker, the form used is 'pungul'.

put aalu

I. V

1. health fart

put kuu

I. V

1. body catch breath

saa

I. V

2. color paint

2. rub

3. cooking salt

saating

I. V

1. color become red

sabii tingi

I. V

1. time day break

saingkung

I. V

1. health have fever

saling

I. V

1. get wet

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The final vowel 'i' can be elided.

sangaling

I. V

1. cooking,food be hungry

sauka

I. N

2. nat. fog

II. V

1. nat. be foggy

sauk kiinga

I. V

1. fish fish

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
sauk kiinga
hook fish

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    If a comitative '-u' is used it refers to the bait one puts on the hook (sauk).

sawa

I. N

2. percep. smoke

4. nat.,percep. fog

II. V

2. smoke

3. percep. steam

seerbi

I. V

1. nat.,water flood

seerin

I. V

1. be full

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    .
  • Gramatical:
    Used for both moon and fruits.

siik

I. V

1. mov,space come

siirka aating

I. V

1. be lazy

Composicion:

Compounds

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Literally 'to do soft'. See 'siirka' (soft) and 'siirka ting' (to become soft).

siirka ting

I. V

1. break become soft

Composicion:

Compounds

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With helping verb 'ting'.

skakting

I. V

1. health get hoarse

2. break get worn

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Constructed with the helping verb '-ting'.

skakuung

I. V

1. break tighten

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Constructed with helping verb 'uung'. Has corresponding intransitive form with helping verb 'ting' : 'skakting' (get hoarse/worn)

skuul-tang

I. V

1. teach school

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
skuul tang
school do

srang

I. V

1. break chop

su

I. V

1. body suck on

2. body suck at

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive, the complement must take a postposition 'ki' (in) or 'su' (on). The corresponding transitive verb is 'aasu' (lick). Can be pronounced 'sw' when suffixed with tense.

su-aataik

I. V

1. mov,space pass over

Composicion:

derivation
Morfemas
su aataik
on exceed

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    With the relational preverb 'su-', this verb can still have a literal spatial meaning 'to pass over' but this is rather rare. Its use is mainly adverbial and lexicalized in the present tense, with and without third person marker: see 'suaataiki' and 'suyaataiki' (too much).

su-alpaik

I. V

1. care

suk

I. V

1. clothes wash

2. food peel

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alsuk'. In variation with 'skw'. The 'suk' form is used in the imperative and when suffixed with subordinator, while the 'skw' form is used when suffixed with tense.

suleering

I. V

1. cogn forget

sung

I. V

1. percep. see

2. percep. look

taak

I. V

1. mov,space go

tabii

I. V

1. mov,space come out

2. mov,space move out

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The final vowel 'ii' can be reduced.

taik

I. V

1. leak

taik aakuk

I. V

1. health blow one's nose

taikmaat

I. V

1. health be drunk

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The 'taikmaat' form is used when suffixed with subordinator, while the 'taikmaal' form is used when suffixed with tense.

tak-aating

I. V

1. mov land

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
tak aating
join do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The general meaning of 'tak-' is the idea that two things are joining. 'tak-aating' is intransitive. See also 'tak-uung', 'tak-ting' and 'taktingima'.

tak-ting

I. V

1. peg on

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
tak ting
join get

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    'tak-ting' is generally intransitive. See also 'tak-uung', 'tak-aating' and 'taktingima'.
  • Léxica:
    The general meaning of 'tak-' is the idea that two things are joining.

tak-uung

I. V

1. close

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
tak uung
join make

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The general meaning of 'tak-' is the idea that two things are joining. 'tak-uung' is generally transitive (causative meaning : the subject make two things join). See also 'tak-aating', 'tak-ting' and 'taktingima'.

tanang

I. V

1. percep. look

2. peep

tang

I. V

1. give

2. do

3. become

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Lexical verb (to give) with extensions to general verb (to do) used as a helping verb. Has also an inchoative meaning.
    It is basically a transitive verb, with a corresponding intransitive form 'ting', although it can be used as an intransitive. Common in expressions as helping verb with borrowed verbs, as in 'larn tang' (to learn), or with adjectives as in 'taara tang' (to get big).

tark

I. V

1. break split

2. break burst

3. break cut

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. Seems to have the same use as 'aatark' (to split, to burst, to cut...).

tarkal

I. V

1. emerge

2. burst open

3. sprout

4. rise

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. In variantion with 'tarkit'. The 'tarkal' form is used when suffixed with tense while the 'tarkit' form is used when suffixed with subordinator.

tarkit

I. V

1. emerge

2. sprout

3. burst open

4. rise

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. In variantion with 'tarkal'. The 'tarkal' form is used when suffixed with tense while the 'tarkit' form is used when suffixed with subordinator.

tars

I. V

1. break cut

tauk

I. V

1. mov,space get in

3. mov,space come in

4. mov dive

5. put on

7. clothes wear

tauling

I. V

1. suffer

2. be wondering about

taustaus-ting

I. V

1. fret

tiis

I. V

2. percep. feel

ting

I. V

1. get

2. become

3. happen

4. feel

5. do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    In the 'do' or 'get' senses, 'ting' can be a helping verb in new compound verbs.

tkar

I. V

1. body,mov jump

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The 'a' can be elided when the verb is suffixed with tense marker. The form used for imperative and when suffixed with subordinator is 'tkit'.

tkit

I. V

1. jump

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Variant of 'tkar' for imperative and when suffixed with subordinator.

tkupting

I. V

1. get a bump

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
tkup ting
bump get

tkut

I. V

1. burst

tkwa

I. V

1. hide

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The derivated intransitive verb is 'altkwa'.

traat

I. V

1. mov walk

2. mov go

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    In variation with 'traal'. The 'traal' form is used with tense markers, while 'traat' is used when suffixed with subordinator. Very common to use 'traat' with other verbs, as in 'nganaak traat' (fly) in which case the first verb takes the person marker, and 'traat' or 'traal' take the subordinator or the tense marker.

tuk

I. V

1. food swallow

2. food suck

3. food drink

4. food eat

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    In variation with 'tkw'. 'tkw' is used with tense markers, while 'tuk' is used with subordinators.

tuksu aung

I. V

1. locution answer

tuksu siik

I. V

1. space come back

tuktiin

I. V

1. food,plant ripen

2. food,plant be ripe

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Has a variant 'tuptiin'. For both 'tuktiin' and 'tuptiin', the long vowel 'ii' can be shortened.

tulik ting

I. V

1. bent

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive.

tumting

I. V

1. be night

tungut

I. V

1. mov,space arrive

2. mov,space ascend

3. mov,space come up

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Used at the imperative or with subordinator. The form 'tungul' is used with tense.

tunistunis uung

I. V

1. body curl

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Construction with helping verb 'uung' used as a causative.

tup-ting

I. V

1. sink

2. drown

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. The corresponding transitive verb is 'tup-uung' (to sink).

tup-uung

I. V

1. sink

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'tup-ting' (to sink, to drown).

uhuh aakar

I. V

1. health be coughing

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Onomatopeia with helping verb 'aakar'.

uhuh ting

I. V

1. health cough

uliin

I. V

1. emot be angry

upluul

I. V

1. be crazy

ur-aating

I. V

1. drop

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. See also 'ur-ting' with the same meaning and intransitive too. The corresponding transitive verb is 'ur-uung' (to throw).

ur-ting

I. V

1. drop

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive. See also 'ur-aating' with the same meaning and intransitive too. The corresponding transitive verb is 'ur-uung' (to throw).

ur-uung

I. V

1. throw

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. There are two corresponding intransitive verbs : 'ur-aating' or 'ur-ting' (to drop).

utk

I. V

1. mov scratch

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Surely has a variant 'utik' used when suffixed with subordinator, but it does not appear in the data. See also 'alautik' with the same meaning.

uung

I. V

1. do , [ESP] hacer

2. make

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Lexical verb (to do, make) but also often used in compound verbs as a helping verb, 'X-uung'.

uup aalulang

I. V

1. body,health be born , [ESP] nacer

uup aasik

I. V

1. body dream , [ESP] soñar

wark-ting

I. V

1. work , [ESP] trabajar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Built with borrowing from English (work) and Rama helping verb '-ting'.

yu-aakar

I. V

1. owe

yu-angais

I. V

1. tie with

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The relational preverb is not lexicalized with this verb but the association is quite frequent.

yuk-aating

I. V

1. body,mov be sitting down , [ESP] sentado

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
yuk aating
sit do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    'yuk-aating' is more stative and 'yuk-ting' is more active. Both are intransitive.

yuk-ting

I. V

1. body,mov sit down , [ESP] sentarse

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    'yuk-ting' is more active and 'yuk-aating' is more stative. Both are intransitive.

yu-mang

I. V

1. carry

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Suppletive imperative form of the verb 'yu-taak' (to carry).

yu-siik

I. V

1. mov,space bring , [ESP] traer

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
yu- siik
with come

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    The relation preverb 'yu-' (with) is lexicalized: it is obligatory in the sense of caused motion of to bring/carry, and can be used with full lexical patient/object.

yu-taak

I. V

1. mov carry , [ESP] llevar

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
yu taak
with go

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Here the relational preverb has become obligatory to create a transtive verb of caused motion where go+with = take.

yu-tungut

I. V

1. mov,space go up with , [ESP] subir con

yuuz-uung

I. V

1. use , [ESP] usar

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
yuuz uung
use do

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Loanword from English 'use'. A frequent construction for borrowed verbs with helping verbs 'uung' or 'ting'.

yuwa ting

I. V

1. get old , [ESP] envejecer

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
yuwa ting
old get
viejo