Diccionario


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asput

I. ADV

1. time a long time

asput taama

I. ADV

1. measuring,time soon

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
asput taama
a long time not

astaik

I. V

1. body,health,percep. hurt

2. food,percep. be spicy , [ESP] condimentar

astaiki

I. V

1. percep. to feel pain

astar

I. N

1. space side

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Only used in the expression 'astar su' (on the other side) and 'astar astar su' (on both sides).

astar astar su

I. ADV

1. space on both sides

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Reduplication for plural meaning. Complex spatial expression with noun and postposition.

astar su

I. ADV

1. space on the other side

astraabi

No hay definicion(es)

astraabing

I. N

1. body,space side

at

No hay definicion(es)

atka

No hay definicion(es)

atkarbi

I. V

1. calendar,time pass the season

atkul

I. ASP

1. COMPL

II. V

1. finish , [ESP] Terminar, acabar

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Must be suffixed with tense, while 'atkut' is suffixed with subordinator. Interesting completive aspect meaning of action finished or affecting completely the patient or all the patients.

atkut

No hay definicion(es)

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Variant of 'atkul' (finish and completive aspect) when suffixed with subordinator. While 'atkul' variant must be suffixed with tense.

aubri

I. ADJ

1. measuring heavy , [ESP] Pesado

auk

I. V

1. cooking,food roast , [ESP] Asar

2. break burn , [ESP] Quemar

3. food cook

4. cooking,food bake , [ESP] Hornear

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The old Ramas did not bake. They did not have ovens. To bake, people place what is to be baked in a wide iron pot and then put a sheet of metal on top with fire coals on it.
  • Gramatical:
    Transitive. The corresponding intransitive verb is 'alauk'.

aukima

I. PART

1. cooking roasted , [ESP] Asado

Composicion:

derivation
Morfemas
auk ima
roast participle
Asar

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Traditional Rama ate only roasted meat and breadkind (or boiled some things)and did not stew it in coconut milk. Some of the old Rama of late still preferred roast bananas, especially the older red variety, as their principal diet. Favorite roasted meat is wari (white lipped peccary) meat. They also roast fish and ripe bananas. Depending on the kind of fish, roast fish is usually then stewed in coconut milk with breadkind to make "rondon."
    Tradicionalmente el pueblo Rama solo comía carne y bastimentos asados(algunas cosas hervidas) y tampoco guisaba en leche de coco. El plato principal de la dieta preferido por los ancianos es banano asado, sobre todo la variedad roja. La carne asada favorita es la de wari (chancho de monte). También asan el pescado y los bananos maduros. Dependiendo del tipo de pescado, el pescado asado se guisa en leche de coco con fruta de pan para hacer rondon.

auma

I. N

1. animal,mammal jaguar

2. human North American

Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Salaik warknsutingi ying auma kulnga u Kolet.
    Together we work with this(North American) lady Colette.

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Very rare to find these days, endangered animal. Many beliefs attached to it, main creature of Rama cosmology.
    Used for "gringos"!
  • Léxica:
    Often substitute Miskitu kruubu when talking about the animal, or even in the Adam stories, but not when talking about the Rama people or Cane Creek (Never Kruubu Rii). Not clear what their categorizations of the big cats are as they seem to cover three color variations of jaguar, plus pumas, plus ocelots, margays, and oncillas with the same terms, especially kruubu.

Auma Rii

I. PN

1. toponomy,water Cane Creek

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
auma ri
jaguar

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    The greatest concentration of last speakers of Rama have been living along this creek and in the environs of this creek for generations. Literally means 'tiger creek'. During the Contra War, they scattered, though. As of 2008, there was again a number of people, speakers and non-speakers, in the Aguila/Cane Creek area since a community of Rama had been started in Aguila in the late 80s. Many of these were from Rama Cay, having started to come down through an in-law connection. Many lived principally in Aguila, where there was a school, and had plantations in Aguila and/orCreek. Some with historical connections to Cane Creek both lived and planted in Cane Creek--mostly older ones with no small children to go to school. By 2009, though, Mestizos were moving in heavily from the creek head, and from the interior to the back of Aguila, cutting down the bush, bringing in cattle and hogs, planting corn, cutting Ramas' crops, and taking over and by both intimidation and force.
  • Gramatical:
    Vairation in the length of the final vowel 'rii/ri'

aumaup pronunciación

I. N

1. food,plant wild chocolate , [ESP] cacao silvestre

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    This is a kind of chocolate. It is the 'tiger chocolate' that Miss Nora's father, a seer, used to drink to go talk to the tigers. Prepared with bird pepper (NR).
  • Gramatical:
    Compound on 'auma' (tiger) and suffix '-up' class marker for roundish shape for the chocolate seed.
  • Léxica:
    One of four kinds of chocolate (see also kuuk, ngerba, ngunisup)

aung

I. V

1. locution call , [ESP] Llamar

2. locution tell

3. locution say , [ESP] Decir

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    See also the form 'anaungi' (literally 'they say') used as an evidential.

aunga

I. N

2. artef. mirror , [ESP] Espejo

3. artef. photo , [ESP] Foto

II. V

3. percep. shine , [ESP] Brillar

5. look pretty

7. look

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Intransitive or with an adjectival complement. This verb is generally used for shining, pretty, positive looking. As a noun it can mean 'mirror' or 'photo', that are shining/pretty objects. See also 'aakwaals aunga' (look pretty) and 'aunga kuu' (take photo).

aunga

I. PSP

1. space around

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    See also 'aungaik' (around).

aungaik

I. PSP

1. space around

Composicion:

Compounds
Morfemas
aunga aik
around side

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Complex postposition, see also 'aunga' (around).

aunga kuu

I. V

1. take photo , [ESP] Fotografiar

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
aunga kuu
photo take
Foto

Notas:

  • Gramatical:
    Neologism.

ausa

I. N

1. body vein , [ESP] Vena

2. strength

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Interesting polysemy between 'vein' (carrying blood) and 'strength'. More often used as 'strength' than as 'vein'.

awa kiing

I. N

1. animal,hunting,reptile loggerhead turtle

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
awa kiing
turtle head
Tortuga

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Their least favorite sea turtle to catch because they don't like to eat it (tastes "rank"), and it has no commercial value. Neither do they eat the eggs, which are larger than those of the hawksbill and green turtle.

awas pronunciación

I. N

2. nat. light , [ESP] Luz

3. plant rubber , [ESP] Caucho, latex

Pictures/Imagenes:

3. artef.,hunting,plant slingshot

4. plant,tree pine tree , [ESP] Pino

5. health rubber sap

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Generally used to mean "light" from any source. Rubber tree sap also called "awas" because you can use it to "catch fire" when you don't have diesel or kerosene, or to burn for light. This is done by cutting the rubber tree and letting the sap harden into solid rubber, which then immediately catches fire from a lit match. There are also a number of other uses. For example, you can "haul" a piece of hardened rubber into a string to wind around the part of your handline above the hook as you would a wire leader in order to make it harder for a fish to cut the line. Can also be used for the light to torch in the night in the bush, though as of 2008, more people were acquiring headlamps for this purpose. Also used to make the rubber part of a slingshot. To do this you carve a mold into the dirt, pour in the sap, and let it harden. Slingshots are made and used principally by young boys for shooting down small birds and lizards. (The small birds are usually not used for anything, though occasionally boys will roast them and eat them, but more just for something to do. Shooting birds is a common activity for young boys among all ethnic groups, especially during the months when songbirds are migrating heavily, such as September.)
    The rubber sap can also be used to make a waterproof rubber sack that floats: For a good-sized sack, secure about 2 1/2 yds of thin cotton cloth horizontally on sticks, mix the rubber sap with some sulfur. Paint it over the cloth with a feather and allow to dry. Fold the edges and seal with more rubber sap. If you tie the sack securely, your pots, pans, clothes, etc. will be safe if your dory turns over. You can also use it as a life preserver. One medicinal use is to paint the "blowhole" of a beefworm with the sap. when the worm tries to come out for air, it will get stuck, and won't be able to breathe. (However, either way, someone will still have to dig the worm out.)
    Some old Ramas still have tools left which they use that were left from the days of the rubber company. There are a few pine trees in Bluefields, but they are not seen in the bush in the Rama territory.
  • Léxica:
    Borrowing from Mikito "auas." Probably because pine also can be used to make torches (Take a piece of pine about three feet long, split it very fine, and light it.....the sap causes it to burn.)

awas arii

I. N

1. plant rubber tree milk

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
awas arii
juice

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Thick white sap of the rubber tree collected in buckets.
    Some still tap trees to get the rubber and coat burlap sacks cut into flat cloth or buy manta (cotton cloth), then sew them to make waterproof sacks to carry their goods.

awa taara

I. N

1. animal,reptile leatherback turtle
Ejemplo de Frase-Phrase example:
  • Awa taara untas ki tungutka, kaulinglut kui.
    When the drum turtle come up on the beach, people catch it.

Composicion:

expression
Morfemas
awa taara
turtle big
Tortuga

Notas:

  • Etnográfica:
    Very rare today. Does not seem that they eat them. Kriols call it trum turtle.
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